38 BtJREAtJ OP AM Kill ('AX ETHNOLOGY t bull. 73 
and Xapira, or rather Xapida, Sainpit. Pasqui is evidently 
the Pasque of Ecija, which seems to have been inland near the 
Waxaw Indians. The remaining names can not be identified 
with such probability, but plausible suggestions may be made 
regarding some of them. Thus Yta is perhaps the later Etiwaw 
or Itwan, Sona may be Stono, which sometimes appears in the form 
"Stonah," and Guacaya is perhaps Waccamaw, gua in Spanish 
being frequently employed for the English syllable wa. If Pahoc 
is the correct form of the name of province 19 it may contain an 
explanation of the "Bankbooks" mentioned by Lawson, 1 supposing 
the form of the latter which Rivers gives, "Back Hooks," is the 
correct one. 2 
Two facts regarding this list have particular importance for us in 
this investigation, first, the appearance of the phonetic r (in Duhare, 
Chicora, Xapira, Aramhe, Yamiscaron, Orixa), and, second, that all 
of the provinces identified, all in fact for which an identification is 
even suggested, are in the Cusaho country or the regions in close 
contact with it. The first of these points indicates that Francisco 
came from one of the eastern Siouan trihes, while the second would 
show that he had considerable knowledge of the trihes south of them, 
and thus points to some Siouan area not far removed. Since this 
was also on the coast, the mouths of the Santee and Pedee are the 
nearest points satisfying the requirements. It is true that there is 
no I in Catawba, while two words ending in I — Tancal and Yenyohol — 
occur in the list; but these may have been taken over intact from 
Cusabo, or they may have been incorrectly copied, since Oviedo has 
Tancac for the first of them. Winyah Bay or the Pedee River would 
be indicated more definitely if Daxe, a town which the Indians told 
Ecija was four days journey north, or rather northeast, of the Santee, 
were identical with the Duache of the Ayllon colonists. But, how- 
ever interesting it might be to establish the location of the river of 
John the Baptist with precision, it makes no practical difference 
in the present investigation whether it was the Santee or one of those 
streams flowing into Winyah Bay. That it was one of them can 
hardly be doubted. 
The third river to be identified, Gualdape, is the most difficult of 
all. This is due in the first place to an uncertainty as to which way 
the settlers moved when they left the River Jordan. Oviedo, who 
is our only authority on this point, says: "Despues que estovieron 
alii algunos dias, descontentos de la tierra e ydas las lenguas 6 guias 
que llevaron, acordaron de yrse a poblar la costa adelante hacia la 
costa occidental, e fueron a un grand rio (quarenta 6 quarenta e 
cinco leguas de alii, pocas mas 6 menos) que se dice Gualdape; e alii 
1 Lawson, Hist. Carolina, p. 45. a Rivers, Hist. S. Car., p. 35. 
