42 BUBEATJ OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY I mti.l. 73 
il from the milk of docs. 1 But even in his original narrative 
Gomara has "improved upon" Peter Martyr, since he tells us that 
deer were kept in inclosures and sent out with shepherds, while 
Peter Martyr merely states that the young were kept in the houses 
and their mothers allowed to go out to pasture, coming hack at 
night to their fawns (see below). Out of a not altogether impossible 
fact we thus have a quite improbable story and utterly impossible 
accessories developed. Although, as I have endeavored to show, these 
people were probably Siouan, they were so near the Cusabo that 
influences could readily pass from one to the other, and for that 
reason and because the material has hitherto escaped ethnological 
investigators I will append it. 
Leaving the coast of Chicorana on one hand, the Spaniards landed in another country 
called " Duharhe." 2 Ayllon says the natives are white men. 3 and his testimony is 
confirmed l>y Francisco Chicorana. Their hair is brown and hangs to their heels. 
They are governed by a king of gigantic size, called Datha. whose wife is as large as 
himself. They have five children. In place of horses the king is carried on the 
shoulders of strong young men, who run with him to the different places he wishes 
to visit. At this point I must confess that the different accounts cause me to hesitate. 
The Dean and Ayllon do not agree; for what one asserts concerning these young men 
acting as horses, the other denies. The Dean said : " I have never spoken to anybody 
who has seen these horses," to which Ayllon answered. "I have heard it told by 
many people." while Francisco Chicorana, although he was present, was unable to 
settle this dispute. Could I act as arbitrator I would say that, according to the inves- 
tigations I have made, these people were too barbarous and uncivilized to have horses. 4 
Another country near Duhare is called Xapida. Pearls are found there, and also a 
kind of stone resembling pearls which is much prized by the Indians. 
In all these regions they visited the Spaniards noticed herds of deer similar to our 
herds of cattle. These deer bring forth and nourish their young in the houses of the 
natives. During the daytime they wander freely through the woods in search of 
their food, and in the evening they come back to their little ones, who have been 
cared for, allowing themselves to be shut up in the courtyards and even to be milked, 
when they have suckled their fawns. The only milk the natives know is that of the 
does, from which they make cheese. They also keep a great variety of chickens, 
ducks, geese, and other similar fowls. 5 They eat maize bread, similar to that of the 
islanders, but they do not know the yucca root, from which cassabi, the food of the 
nobles, is made. The maize grains are very like our Genoese millet, and in size are 
as large as our peas. The natives cultivate another cereal called xathi. This is 
believed to be millet but it is not certain, for very few Castilians know millet, as it is 
nowhere grown in Castile. This country produces various kinds of potatoes, but 
of small varieties. . . . 
The Spaniards speak of still other regions — Hitha. Xamunambe, and Tihe — all of 
which are believed to be governed by the same king. In the last named the inhabit- 
1 Gomara, op. cit., p. 33; Fr. trans., p. 53. 
-The reader will observe in this narrative that the many wonderful things widely reported of Chi- 
cora really apply to Duhare. 
3 Evidently Indians of lighter color. 
< Peter Martyr makes the simple difficult. The custom was universal among southern tribes of carrying 
chiefs and leading personages about in litters borne on the shoulders of several men. 
j ( >f course these statements arc erroneous, but there may have been individual cases of domestication 
which furnished some foundation for such reports. 
