88 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 73 
Davila was liberated in 1599, and Barcia speaks as if the famine 
occurred the year following. 
A letter containing an account of this uprising and accompanied 
by testimony taken from several witnesses is preserved among the 
Spanish archives and a copy of this is in the Lowery collection. While 
less dramatic, naturally, than the narrative given, it differs in no 
essential particulars. The governor's punitive expedition was in 
1597 or very early in 1598. He burned the principal Guale towns, 
including their granaries, and quickly reduced the greater part of 
the people to submission. In a letter of date 1600 he says: 
No harm, not even death, that I have inflicted upon them has had as much weight 
in bringing them to obedience as the act of depriving them of their means of sub- 
sistence. 
In the same letter he has some additional information regarding 
the causes of the war which do not appear in the communications of 
the missionaries. He states that it was Don Juanillo's turn to be 
head mico of Guale, but- 
owing to his being a quarrelsome and warlike young man, he was deprived of that 
dignity by the Rev. Friars Pedro de Corpa and Bias Rodriguez, who conferred it upon 
Don Francisco, a man of age and of good and humble habits. And this caused the 
massacre of the friars, among whom were the two mentioned. Although in the depo- 
sitions that I took from several Indians in regard to that massacre they all affirmed 
that to have been the direct cause for the commission of that crime, yet I never allowed 
it to be written, as I could not consent to have anything derogatory to the priests 
made public, and besides I look upon the Indians as being very little truthful and 
to cover their treachery would invent many lies. 
Yet it is strange that Don Juanillo and Don Francisco were both 
leaders of the hostile Indians, and were irreconcilable to the last. 1 
The chief of Espogache was among the first to surrender and he was 
quickly followed by others. In a letter written April 24, 1601, Gov. 
de Canco states that the chief of Asao and 40 Indians had just 
come to tender their submission and that all had given hi except 
the chief of Tolomato, his nephew, and two other chiefs. 2 Later the 
same year the governor induced the chief of Asao to head an expedi- 
tion against this refractory element, he being one of the chiefs of most 
consideration in. the province. This mico solicited assistance from 
the chiefs of Tulufina, Guale, Espogache, Yoa, Ufalague, Talapo, 
Olata Potoque, Ytocupo, the chiefs of the Salchiches, the Tama, and 
the Cusabo. Don Juanillo and his partisans had established them- 
selves in a stockaded town called Yfusinique and met the first attack 
of their more numerous foes so valiantly that many of them were 
killed. The allied chiefs then decided that a general assault would be 
necessary, and this was successful. Don Juanillo and Don Fran- 
cisco were killed and their scalps taken and with them fell great 
1 The above material is from the Brooks and Lowery MSS. in the Library of Congress, 
a Serrano y Sanz, Doe. Hist., p. 161. 
