swanton] EARLY HISTORY OF THE CREEK INDIANS 91 
twenty, because it is very important to support the province of Guale for the sake of 
this garrison, as well tor Its safety and conservation as For its subsistence and protec- 
tion againsl invasion as it is the provider of this garrison <>n account of its abundance 
and richness compared with this place which is SO poor. I am always afraid that they 
might penetrate by the sandbar of Zapata [Zapala]. 1 
That the friars were not in all cases protectors of the Indians 
appears from a letter written to Governor Cabrera by "the casique 
of the province of Guale," dated May 5, 1681, complaining of their 
arbitrary and overbearing attitude. Cabrera was, however, no 
lover of friars. Meantime the pressure of the northern Indians 
continued. Cabrera, in a letter dated December 8, 1680, speaks of 
what appears to have been a second invasion of Guale by the Eng- 
lish and "Chuchumecos," and in one of June 14, 1681, he states 
that some Guale Indians had taken to the woods, while others had 
assembled in the Florida towns farther south, the town of Carlos, 
'Mo leagues from St. Augustine," being particularly mentioned. 
Several invasions appear to have taken place at about this time and 
a letter, written March 20, 1683, states that Guale had been totally 
ruined by them. 2 
In 1682 the South Carolina Documents refer to "the nations of 
Spanish Indians, which they call Sapalla, Soho [Asaho], and Sapic- 
bay," and from the identity of the first two it is probable that all 
were ( iuale tribes.'' 
We now come to the final abandonment of Guale, both by Span- 
iards and Indians: and here our authorities do not agree. Barcia, 
presumably relying upon documents to which no one else has had 
access, states that the governor of Florida wished to remove the 
Indians forcibly to islands nearer St. Augustine, whereupon they 
rebelled and took to the woods or passed over to the English. Cer- 
tain manuscript authorities, however, represent the removal as 
having been at the request of the Indians themselves, and the raid 
upon St. Catherines mentioned above doubtless had something to 
do with it. Barcia' s account runs thus: 
[Don Juan Marquez] had occasioned a rebellion of the Indians of the towns of San 
Felipe, San Simon, Santa Catalina, Sapala, Tupichihasao, Obaldaquini, and others, 
because he wanted to move them to the islands of Santa Maria, San Juan, and Santa 
Cruz, and in order to escape this transplantation many fled to the forests, and others 
passed to the province of S. Jorge, or Carolina, a colony made shortly before by the 
English in the country of the Spaniards, upon which Virginia joins, and bordering upon 
Apalachicolo, Caveta, and Casica . . .* 
The name Tupichihasao seems to combine the names of the towns 
Topiqui and Asao (or Hasao), which were probably run together in 
copying. The latter was on or near St. Simons Island and may be 
i Serrano y Sanz, Hoc. Hist., pp. 21&-219. » MS., Pub. Rec. of S. C n, 8. 
« Lowery, MSS., Lib. Cong. * Barcia, La Florida, p. 287. 
