94 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, 73 
from St. Simons meant in reality the removal of the remaining 
Guale Indians from Florida. Probably most of those who fled to the 
English at the earlier date were from the northern part of the Georgia 
coast, while those who went to Florida were principally from St. 
Simons and other southern missions. Even in 1702 a few probably 
remained under the Spanish government until their kinsmen shifted 
their allegiance once more in 1715. The only specific reference to 
this second outbreak that has come to my attention is contained in 
a letter written from London, about 1715, by Juan de Ayala, who 
says : 
In the year 1702 the native Indians of all the provinces of San Agustin, who since 
its discovery had been converted to the Catholic faith, and maintained as subjects of 
his Majesty, revolted, and, forsaking that religion, sought the protection of the Eng- 
lish of Carolina, with whom they have remained ever since, continually harassing the 
Catholic Indians. 1 
This revolt was due, in part, to compulsion exercised by the English 
and their allies, in part it was an unavoidable "taking to the woods," 
through the failure of the Spaniards to protect their proteges, and 
in part it came from the prestige which success brought the vic- 
torious English. The underlying cause was the unwillingness on the 
part of the Spaniards to allow their Indians the use of firearms and a 
niggardly home policy, which left Florida insufficiently defended. It 
is doubtful how far the Timucua tribes engaged in this secession. 
At any rate they did not go in such numbers as to attract the atten- 
tion of the English. The Apalachee and the people of Guale re- 
mained distinct. The fortunes of those Guale Indians who remained 
in Florida from the time of the rebellion until they were rejoined by 
their kinsmen who had gone to Carolina will be considered when 
we come to speak of the Timucua, probably constituting the largest 
portion of the Indians who were true to Spain. 
From this time on the name Guale practically disappears, and the 
people who formerly bore it are almost invariably known as Yamasee. 
It has been thought by recent investigators that the people of Guale 
and the Yamasee were identical, but facts contained in the Spanish 
archives show that this is incorrect. They make it plain that the 
Yamasee were an independent tribe from very early times, belonging, 
as Barcia states, to the province of Guale, or perhaps rather to its 
outskirts, but not originally a dominant tribe of the province. It 
was only in later years that by taking the lead among the hostile 
Indians their name came to supersede that of Guale and of every 
band of Guale Indians. They are not mentioned frequently until 
late, and it is only by piecing together bits of information from 
various quarters that we can get any idea of their history. 
