bwanton] BARI/5 HISTORY. OF THE CREEK IXIHAXS 129 
died nin there or gradually Losl their identity. At the present time 
there are said to be two or three persons of Apalachee blood still 
living in Louisiana, but the} have forgotten their language and of 
course all of their aboriginal culture. 1 
THE APALACHICOLA 
There has been considerable confusion regarding this tribe, because 
the name was applied by the Spaniards from a very early period to 
the Lower (reeks generally, Coweta and Kasihta in one account 
being mentioned as Apalachicola towns. 2 It is used in its general 
sense in the very earliest place in the Spanish records in winch the 
name occurs, a letter dated August 22, 1639, and in the same way 
in letters of 1686 and 1688. 3 
On the other hand, in the letter of 1686 the name "Apalachicoli" 
is distinctly applied also to a particular town, 4 and inasmuch as it is 
clearly the name of a tribe and town in later times it is probable 
that its original application was to such a tribe among or near the 
Lower Creeks. From this the Spaniards evidently extended it over 
the whole of the latter. That the town was considered important is 
shown by the Creek name which it bears, Talwa lako, "Big Town," 
and from Bartram's statement that it was the leading White or 
Peace town. 5 In one Spanish document we read that Oconee was 
"under Apalachicolo," and at a council between the Lower Creeks 
and Spaniards at San Marcos about 1738 Quilate, the chief of this 
town, spoke for all. 6 Replying to a speech of John Stuart, the 
British Indian agent, delivered in the Chiaha Square, September 18, 
1768, a Lower Creek speaker says: " There are four head men of us 
have signed our Names in the presence of the whole lower Creeks as 
you will see: Two of us out of the Pallachicolas which is reckoned 
the Head Town of upper & lower Creeks and two out of the Cussi- 
taw Town, which are friend Towns, which two towns stand for in 
behalf of the upper and lower Creeks.'" It is probable that this 
speaker wishes to exaggerate the representative character of the 
chiefs of these tw T o towns, but the important position assigned to 
Apalachicola was not a mere invention on his part. Ten years 
later we find John Stuart writing, without the same bias as that 
which the speaker quoted above may be supposed to have had, 
» Information from Dr. Milton Dunn, Colfax, La. 
1 It appears in two forms, Apalachicoli and Apachicolo, the first of which is evidently in the Ilitchiti 
dialect, the second in Muskogee. Apalachicola is a compromise term. 
• Lowery, MSS.; Serrano y Sanz, Doc. Hist., pp. 199-201, 21 l J-221. The latter has made an unfortunate 
blunder in dating the letter of 16S6 as if it were ltJOti. 
4 Serrano y Sanz, op. cit., pp. 193, 195. 
• Bartram, Travels, p. 387. 
•Copy of MS. in Aver Coll.. Newberry Library. 
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