170 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY r bull. 73 
2d. O-tel-le-who-yau-nau (hurricane town) is six miles below Kitch-o-foo-ne, on 
the right bank of Flint River, with pine barren on both sides; 1 they have twenty 
families in the village, which is fenced; and they have hogs, cattle, and horses; they 
plant the small margins near the mouth of a little creek. This village is generally 
named as belonging to Che-au-hau, but they are mixed with Oose-oo-ches 2 
In notes taken in 1797 the same writer mentions a small Chiaha 
settlement on Flint River, 3 miles below "Large Creek," and 9 miles 
above Hotalgihuyana. 3 
Another Chiaha settlement is referred to hi the following terms: 
Che-au-hoo-che (little che-au-hau) is one mile and a half west from Hit-che-tee, in 
the pine forest, near Au-he-gee; a fine little creek, called at its junction with the 
river, Hit-che-tee; they begin to fence and have lately built a square. 4 
When the Creeks were removed to Oklahoma the Chiaha estab- 
lished themselves in the extreme northeastern corner of the new 
Creek territory, where they made a square ground on Adams Creek. 
This was later given up, but it was restored for a period after the 
Civil War. It is now altogether abandoned, and the Chiaha them- 
selves are rapidly losing their identity in the mass of the population. 
It is said that most of the true Chiaha are gone and that those that 
are now so called have been brought in from outside — by marriage 
presumably. Even before the Creek war many Chiaha had gone to 
Florida, and afterwards the numbers there were very greatly aug- 
mented. At the present day there is a square ground in the northern 
part of the old Seminole Nation named Chiaha, but the different 
elements among the Seminole have fused so completely that in 
only a few cases can they be separated. The name is little more 
than a convenient term, a historical vestige applied after all sub- 
stance has departed. 
We have still to say a word regarding the Chiaha whom De Soto 
found in the mountains — those to whom the name was first applied. 
This seems to have been a powerful nation by itself in his time, for 
he learned of it while still at Cofitachequi. The Fidalgo of Elvas 
says: 
The natives [of Cofitachequi] were asked if they had knowledge of any great lord 
farther on, to which they answered, that twelve days' travel thence was a province 
called Chiaha, subject to a chief of Coca. 5 
The statement regarding subjection may be taken to indicate some 
kind of alliance, nothing more. De Soto reached this place June 
1 In notes taken two years earlier Hawkins mentions two towns of this name, or rather two town sites 
7 miles apart on Flint River, and clearly indicates that the people had occupied them in succession.— 
Ga. Hist. Soc. Colls., ix, p. 173. 
2 Hawkins, Sketch, in Ga. Hist. Soc. Colls., m, pt. i, pp. 63-64; ix, p. 172. The second of these branches 
long maintained an independent existence. It is mentioned by the Spanish officer, Manuel Garcia in 
1X00 (copy of Diary in Newberry Lib., Ayer Coll.), and by Young (see p. 409). 
a Ga. Hist. Soc. Colls., ix, p. 173. 
« Ibid., hi, p. 64. 
. <• Bourne, Narr. of De Soto, i, p. 68. 
