swanton-I EARLY HISTORY OF THE CREEK INDIANS 171 
.".. L540, and left ii on tin' 28th. Ranj el mentions the rather interest- 
ing fact that here the explorers first encountered fenced villages. 1 
In 1566 Juan Pardo penetrated from the fort at Santa Elena as far 
north as the Cheraw country at the head of Broad River and built a 
fort there, which he named Fort San Juan. He returned to Santa 
Elena the same year, leaving a sergeant named Moyano in charge. 2 
In 1567 Moyano, acting in accordance with instructions, set out 
from Fort San Juan and marched westward until he came to Chiaha, 
where he built another fort and awaited Pardo. Pardo left Fort 
San Felipe at Santa Elena September 1, reached Chiaha, and passed 
beyond it into the country of the Upper Creeks; but, hearing that a 
great army of Indians was assembling to oppose him, he returned 
to Chiaha, strengthened the fort which Moyano had built, and, 
leaving a garrison there consisting of a corporal and 30 soldiers, 
returned to Santa Elena. 
Vandera, in his enumeration of the places which Pardo had visited, 
speaks of Chiaha as "a rich and extensive country, a broad land, 
surrounded by beautiful rivers. All around this place there are, at 
distances of one, two, and three leagues, more or less, many smaller 
places all surrounded by rivers. There are leagues and leagues of 
plenty (bendicion), with such great quantities of fine grapes and 
many medlar-trees; in short, a country for angels." 3 
Pardo also left a garrison, consisting of a corporal and 12 soldiers, 
at a place called Cauchi. These posts, along with the one among 
the Cheraw, lasted for a time but were ultimately destroyed by the 
people among whom they had been placed. 4 This is the last we 
hear of a Chiaha so far to the north. When the A^eil of obscurity 
which covered these regions for more than a hundred years after 
this time is again lifted they are found only in the south on the 
Ocmulgee and Chattahoochee. Now, since, according to the testi- 
mony of the English trader already quoted, the Chiaha among the 
Lower Creeks had come from the Yamasee, are we to suppose that 
these northern Chiaha had in the interval first joined the Yamasee 
and then moved back to the Ocmulgee and Chattahoochee, or did 
they join the Chiaha whom I have indicated as probably already 
existing among the Yamasee after they had retired westward? On 
tins point our information is almost entirely wanting. There are, 
however, a few indications that there may have been during all 
this period a body of Chiaha among the Upper Creeks separate 
from those whose history we have already traced, in which case we 
must assume that they did not unite with their relatives before 
i Bourne, Narr. of De Soto, 11, p. 108. 
2 Ruidiaz, La Florida, n, pp. 465-473, 477-480. 
J Vandera in Ruidiaz, La Florida, n, pp. 484 186 
* Ibid.; also Lowery, Span. Settl., H, pp. 274-276, 284-286, 294-297. 
