180 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [boll. 73 
list of 1680 as San Francisco deOconi. 1 This group probably remained 
with the rest of the Apalachee towns and followed their fortunes. 
The main body of the Oconee was located, when first known to 
Englishmen, on Oconee River, about 4 miles south of the present Mil- 
ledgeville, Georgia, just below what was called the Rock Landing. 
In a letter, dated March 1 1 , 1695, Gov. Laureano de Torres Ayala tells 
of an expedition consisting of 400 Indians and 7 Spaniards sent 
against the "Cauetta, Oconi, Cassista, and Tiquipache" in retaliation 
for attacks made upon the Spanish Indians. About 50 persons were 
captured in one of these towns, but the others were found abandoned. 2 
On the Lamhatty map they appear immediately west of a river which 
seems to be the Flint, but the topography of this map is not to be 
relied on. In the text accompanying, the name is given as "Oppo- 
nys. " 3 Almost all that is known of later Oconee history is contained 
in the following extract from Bartram: 
Our encampment was fixed on the site of the old Ocone town, which, about sixty 
years ago, was evacuated by the Indians, who, finding their situation disagreeable 
from its vicinity to the white people, left it, moving upwards into the Nation or 
Upper Creeks, 4 and there built a town; but that situation not suiting their roving 
disposition, they grew sickly and tired of it, and resolved to seek an habitation more 
agreeable to their minds. They all arose, directing their migration southeastward 
towards the seacoast; and in the course of their journey, observing the delightful 
appearance of the extensive plains of Alachua and the fertile hills environing it, they 
sat down and built a town on the banks of a spacious and beautiful lake, at a small 
distance from the plains, naming this new town Cuscowilla; this situation pleased them, 
the vast deserts, forests, lake, and savannas around affording abundant range of the 
best hunting ground for bear and deer, their favourite game. But although this situa- 
tion was healthy and delightful to the utmost degree, affording them variety and 
plenty of every desirable thing in their estimation, yet troubles and afflictions found 
them out. This territory, to the promontory of Florida, was then claimed by the 
Tomocas, Utinas, Caloosas, Yamases, and other remnant tribes of the ancient Floridians, 
and the more Northern refugees, driven away by the Carolinians, now in alliance and I 
under the protection of the Spaniards, who, assisting them, attacked the new settle- 
ment and for many years were very troublesome ; but the Alachuas or Ocones being 
strengthened by other emigrants and fugitive bands from the Upper Creeks [i. e., the | 
Creeks proper}, with whom they were confederated, and who gradually established 
other towns in this low country, stretching a line of settlements across the isthmus, 
extending from the Alatamaha to the bay of Apalache; these uniting were at length 
able to face their enemies and even attack them in their own settlements; and in the 
end, with the assistance of the Upper Creeks, their uncles, vanquished their enemies 
and destroyed them, and then fell upon the Spanish settlements, which also they 
entirely broke up. 5 
We know that the removal of this tribe from the Oconee River took 
place, like so many other removals in the region, just after the Ya- 
'Seep. 110. 
3 Serrano y Sanz, Doc. Hist., p. 225. 
3 Am. Anlhrop., n. s. vol. x, p. 571. 
* Bartram calls all of the Creeks, Upper Creeks, and the Seminole of Florida, Lower Creeks. 
'•> Bartram, Travels, pp. 378-379. 
