196 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 73 
According to Penicaut, M. de Chateaugue led an expedition 
against the Alabama about this time, encountered a war party of 
that nation on its way to attack the Choctaw, and killed 15 of them. 1 
He places this among the events of the year 1703, but it must have 
been either in 1705 or 1706. The Alabama probably took part in 
the English expedition against the Apalachee in 1703, already related, 
and in those against the Apalachicola in 1706 and 1707. 2 In Novem- 
ber, 1707, they and the Creeks together invested Pensacola, led by 13 
Englishmen, but they were obliged to withdraw. 3 Under date of 1708 
Penicaut mentions an expedition under M. de Chateaugue, consisting 
of 60 Frenchmen and 60 Mobile Indians, against Alabama hunting in 
the neighborhood, in which they killed 30, wounded 7, and carried 9 
away prisoners. 4 The same year he relates an adventure on the part 
of two Frenchmen who were captured by Indians of this tribe, but 
being left with only two guards were able to kill them and escape to 
Mobile. 3 The Alabama and their allies marched against the Mobile 
"with 4,000 men," but only succeeded in burning some cabins. 6 In 
1709 Penicaut speaks of an encounter between 15 Choctaw and 
50 Alabama, to the advantage of the former — who tell the story. 7 
In March, 1712, La Harpe notes that Bienville " placated the Ali- 
bamons, Alibikas, and other nations of Carolina, and reconciled them 
with those who were allied to us; the peace was general among the 
savages." 8 
In 1714 English influence was so strong that it even extended 
over most of the Choctaw, but the next year the Yamasee war broke 
out and proved to be a general anti-English movement among south- 
ern Indians. Bienville seized this opportunity to renew his alliance 
with the Alabama and other tribes, and it was at about the same 
period that he established a post in the midst of the Alabama, which 
was known officially as Fort Toulouse, but colloquially as the Alabama 
Fort. Later the Tawasa came from Mobile Bay and settled near 
their relatives. Penicaut mentions the Alabama among those tribes 
which came to "sing the calumet" before M. de l'Epinay in 1717, 9 
but from the time of the founding of Fort Toulouse until the end 
of French domination we hear very little about these people from 
the French. Peace continued to subsist between them, and the 
greater part of the tribe was evidently devoted to the French interest. 
In the early Carolina documents there are few references to them, the 
general name Tallapoosa being used for them and their Creek neigh- 
bors on Tallapoosa River. It is curious that the name Alabama does 
1 Margry, D^c, v, p. 435. « ibid., p. 47s. 
= See pp. 121-123, 130. » Ibid., p. 483. 
3 La Harpe, Jour. Hist., pp. 103-104. s La Harpe, op. cit., p. 110. 
* Margry, op. cit., pp. 478-479. 9 Margry, op. cit., p. 547. 
& Ibid., pp. 479-481. 
