214 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 73 
chief's house was an artificial mound on which De Soto had a cross 
set. Ranjel says, "It was Saturday when they entered his village, 
and it had very good cabins and in the principal one, over the door, 
were many heads of very fierce bulls, just as in Spain noblemen who 
are sportsmen mount the heads of wild boars or bears. There the 
Christians planted the cross on a mound, and they received it and 
adored it with much devotion, and the blind and lame came to seek 
to be healed." * 
Afterwards De Soto went on to Pacaha and finally made peace 
between the two, a peace which we may surmise did not last much 
longer than the presence of De Soto insured it. While at Pacaha 
the Spaniards learned of a province to the north called Caluca 2 or 
Caluc. 3 This would seem to be the Choctaw or Chickasaw Oka lusa, 
"black water," from which we may possibly infer the Muskhogean 
connection of Casquin, but, on the other hand, the name may have 
been obtained from interpreters secured east of the Mississippi, and 
may be nothing more than a translation of the original into Chick- 
asaw. After this sudden and rather dramatic appearance of the 
tribe we are studying upon the page of history, they disappear into 
the dark, and all that is preserved to us from a later period is the 
reference of Coxe, two or three other short notices, and the persistent 
clinging of their name in its ancient form to the Tennessee; but 
scarcely anything is known regarding them, either as to their affini- 
ties or ultimate fate. A French description of the province of Louisi- 
ana dated about 1712 states that the "Caskinanpau " were then liv- 
ing upon the river now called the Tennessee, but that the Cumberland 
was known as "the River of the Caskinanpau" because they had 
formerly lived there. 4 In the letter of Sauvolle, already quoted, the 
"Cassoty" and " Casquinonpa " are represented as "on an island 
which the river forms, on the two extremities of which are situated 
these two nations." 5 On very many maps they appear associated 
with the Shawnee, and on several a trail is laid down from the Ten- 
nessee to St. Augustine, with a legend to the effect that "by this 
trail the Shawnee and Kasquinampos go to trade with the Spaniards." 
Besides these well-defined, though unidentified, tribes we find a few 
names on early maps which are perhaps synonyms for some of those 
already considered. One is " 8abarighiharea, " placed on Tennessee 
River and perhaps identical with the "Wabano" of La Salle. It 
contains the Algonquian word for ' ' east. ' ' On the same map and on 
the same river is "Matahale," perhaps the "Matohah" of Joliet's 
map. 
1 Bourne, Narr. of De Soto, H, pp. 138-139. 
J Ibid., I, p. 128. 
> Ibid., II, p. 30. 
* French Transcription, Lib. Cong. 
s MS. in Lib. La. Hist. Soc., Louisiane, Correspondence ftdnerale, pp. 403-404. 
