336 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 73 
were gradually weeded out from among the Indians and the latter 
became used to their new neighbors the opposition died down. A letter 
dated 1568 states that there had recently been a massacre of Spaniards 
at Tocobaga. In 1576 or 1577 Pedro de Andrada was sent at the 
head of 80 soldiers to support Autina (Utina) against Saturiwa, 
Nocoroco, Potano, and other chiefs. 1 In 1583 Governor Pedro 
Menendez Marques writes that all of the Indians in the interior, as 
well as on the coast, had come to see him and yield their obedience. 
He declares that the Indians were being converted rapidly. 2 
In 1584 war broke out again with the Potano and Captain Andrada, 
who had been sent against the tribe as before, was killed along with 
19 of his men. 1 In retaliation a body of troops under Gutierrez de 
Miranda, alcaide of Santa Elena, was sent against these people, 
many were killed, and they were driven from their town. 3 In 1585 
there was considerable mortality among the Indians. 3 These events 
do not seem to have interfered with the conversion of the natives, 
however, which contemporary documents speak of as proceeding 
very rapidly. The work was assisted particularly by two native 
leaders, Dona Maria, chieftainess of a town within two gunshots of 
St. Augustine, and Don Juan, chief of the island of Tacatacuru or 
San Pedro, the present Cumberland Island. The former, whose 
husband was a Spaniard, was of material assistance, receiving and 
entertaining those Indians who came to St. Augustine from a distance. 
A letter written, or rather dictated, to the King of Spain by her, is 
preserved in the Spanish archives. Don Juan is the chief who, 
although a Timucua, desired to be made mico mayor of the province 
of Guale. 4 This chief was of great assistance in driving back 
the rebellious inhabitants of Guale in 1597. 5 In the eastern Timucua 
districts alone, including Nombre de Dios, San Pedro, San Antonio, 
and the Fresh Water district to the south, there were said to be 
more than 1,500 Christian Indians in 1597. They came from all 
quarters, however, to be baptized. 1 
About the time of the Guale outbreak trouble arose with a tribe 
in the neighborhood of Cape Canaveral, whose name is spelled 
Curruque, Surruque, Zorruque, Horruque, Surreche, and in various 
other ways. According to some of the missionaries the governor 
made an unprovoked attack upon this tribe, but he himself says 
that these people had killed a Spaniard named Juan Ramirez de 
Contreras and two Indian interpreters, besides several persons who 
had been shipwrecked among them. At any rate he sent a force 
which fell suddenly upon a town of this province where he believed 
the chief to be living and 60 persons were killed and 54 taken prisoner. 
i Lowery, MSS. * Brooks and Lowery, MSS. See p. 84. 
J Brooks and Lowery, MSS. » See p. 87. 
> Brooks, MSS. 
