s wanton ] EARLY HISTORY OF THE CREEK INDIANS 405 
reason to believe that it is none other than the town of Hotalgihuyana, 
settled by Chiaha and Osochi Indians. The place last mentioned is 
"Topkelake\" which means "fort place," "place where there is a 
fort." There were several localities known by the name. One 
appears in 1821 near the present city of Tallahassee, and there was 
probably another near Tohopekaliga Lake in central Florida, but I 
am inclined to identify this settlement with a town which occurs in 
the enumeration made in 1823 and which is placed 30 miles "east," by 
which I suppose we are to understand north, of Cape Florida. 1 It 
would thus seem to have been in the neighborhood of Hillsboro 
Inlet. The settlers were probably from the Upper Creeks. 2 While 
it is said that the Seminole were composed of seven bands, only six 
are enumerated. Perhaps Mr. Penieres classed as a seventh the "rem- 
nants of ancient tribes" to which he refers immediately afterwards. 
Of these the "Houtchis" are of course the Yuchi, and we know from 
several sources that their settlement was one called "Tallahassee or 
Spring Garden," in the enumeration of 1823, near a place in Volusia 
County called Spring Garden to-day. 1 The "Chaas" were probably 
the Chiaha, a settlement of whom, according to Bell, was at a place 
called Beech Creek, the exact location of which I have been unable 
to determine. 3 According to my Seminole informants there was a 
great fighter in Florida named Kana'ki, and they thought the name 
"Cana-acke" might have been derived from him, but I believe it is 
intended for the Kan-hatki. 4 
Turning to those bands set down as belonging to the Creeks we find 
some that are undoubtedly Muskogee and some of different lineage. 
The Mikasuki are also referred to under this head, and the name was 
probably used for those at New Mikasuki, who may have come from 
the Lower Creek towns much later than the ones already considered. 
The "Echitos" are, of course, Hitchiti, in this case people from the 
true Hitchiti town. The rest appear to have been mainly Muskogee, 
although there were some Alabama and Koasati among them. The 
"Souhane" were those Indians settled on Suwanee River, who, accord- 
ing to a letter written by Gen. Jackson in 1821, were from the 
Upper Creeks. 5 The Santa Fe band must have been the Indians on 
Santa Fe River. Jackson gives a Santa Fe talofa "at the east fork 
of the Suwanee," but does not state whether its people came from 
the Upper Creeks or were old inhabitants of Florida. 6 The "Red- 
Stick" band may have been so named merely because they belonged 
to the element among the Creeks recently at war with the whites, or 
they may have been that portion from the Red towns. In any case 
» See p. 412. * See p. 2G9. 
» See p. 407, town No. 22. ' See p. 406, town No. 11. 
'Seep. 407. • See p. 406, town No. 9. 
