422 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY T bull. 73 
The province of Guale, between Savannah River and St. Andrews ■ 
Sound, was evidently very populous in early Spanish times; but 
Barcia represents the number of Indians there to have been con- 
siderably reduced as a result of the first uprising against the mis- 
sionaries at the end of the sixteenth century. 1 In 1602 the mis- 
sionaries claimed that there were "more than 1,200 Christians" in 
Guale. In 1670 Owen estimated that there were about 300 Indians 
under the priest at St. Catherines, and that, the Indians under all of 
the priests upon that coast would total 700. 2 Among these may be 
included a few Timucua, but most were Guale Indians and Yamasee. 
The figures refer merely to the number of effective men, not to the 
total population. After these Indians had settled in South Carolina 
under the leadership of the Yamasee they occupied 10 towns which in 
1708 were estimated to contain 500 men able to bear arms, 3 and in 
1715, just before the Yamasee uprising, they were reported to have 
413 men and a total population of 1,215. 4 The war which followed 
sadly depleted them and their losses continued after they had retired 
to Florida, whither they were pursued by the English and with still 
more effect by the Creeks. Almost immediately after they had been 
driven out of Carolina the English settlers learned that one of their 
chiefs had been made by the Spaniards general in chief over 500 In- 
dians to be sent against Carolina, but of course only a fraction of these 
were Yamasee. 5 By this time they had probably become completely 
merged with the Indians of Guale. In 1719 a captive reported only 
60 Yamasee near St. Augustine. 6 In 1728 and 1736 we have from 
Spanish sources detailed statements of the population of all the 
Indian towns near St. Augustine, 7 and these agree very closely, 
although a disastrous British raid had taken place between them. 
The first mentions seven settlements with an aggregate population 
of 115 to 125 men, 105 women, and upward of 55 children, the number 
of children in two towns not being given. The second list gives 
eight towns with 123 men capable of bearing arms and 295 women 
and children, a total of 418. Fifty or more belonged to the Timucua 
town and there are two or three Apalachee, but upward of 360 must 
have been Yamasee or Indians of Guale. While this figure is con- 
siderably higher than the total indicated in the earlier list the numbers 
of men reported in both agree quite closely and there is reason to 
think that in the earlier the numbers of children, and probably 
those of the women also, were considerably underestimated. In 1761 
Yamasee numbering 20 men were reported living near St. Augus- 
tine, 8 but we know that several bodies were settled elsewhere. Some 
' Barcia, La Florida, pp. 170-172. * Pub. Rec. of S. C, MS., vn, p. ISC. 
» S. Car. Hist. Soe. Colls., v, p. 198. « Ibid., vm, p. 7. 
3 Pub. Rec. of S. C, MS., v, pp. 207-209. ' See pp. 105-UX'., 304. 
4 S. C MS. Docs, at Columbia. 8 A Descr. of S. ('., etc., 1701, p. 63. 
