428 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 73 
reference to Pawokti, Tawasa, or Autauga, though at this time they 
must have been among the "Upper Creeks. 1 Henry Bouquet in 1764 
gives 6,000 \varriors[!], 2 and Marbury in 1792 has 60 Alabama Indians, 
40 Okchaiutci, 30 Muklasa, and apparently 60 Tawasa (including Ked 
Ground), though his spelling renders this uncertain. Hawkins in 
1799 estimated the Alabama proper — Tawasa, Pawokti, and 
Autauga — to comprise about 80 gun men, but he does not give the 
number of those in Okchaiutci or Muklasa. 3 Stiggins places the num- 
ber of Alabama in 1814 at 2,000, which is excessive. 4 In 1832 the 
Alabama are represented only by Tawasa and Autauga with a com- 
bined population of 321 and 21 slaves. 5 This was after the separa- 
tion of those Alabama who went to Louisiana and Texas. In 1806 
Sibley states that there were two Alabama villages in Louisiana, one 
containing about 30, the other about 40 men. 6 According to Morse, 
in 1817, there were 160 Alabama, all told, in Texas, but he prob- 
ably overlooked some bands. 7 
In 1882 the United States Indian Office reported, or rather esti- 
mated, 290 "Alabama, Kushatta, and Muskogee" in the State of 
Texas, 8 and the same figure is repeated without variation in every 
subsequent report until 1901, when 470 are given on the authority 
of the census of 1900. 9 This figure is repeated until 1911. In 1910 
a special agent was sent to these people from the Indian Office to in- 
quire into their condition and make an enumeration of them, but 
his instructions did not cover the Koasati Indians, who were con- 
sequently ignored. The number of Alabama was found to be 192; 
the Koasati were estimated along with some Seminole, Isleta, and 
other Indians in different parts of the State. 10 These figures were 
repeated in the Indian Office Reports for 1912, 1913, and 1914. The 
census of 1910 returned 187 Alabama in Texas and 111 in Louisiana — 
a total of 298. " The number of those in Oklahoma is small, but there 
are enough to maintain a square ground. No separate enumeration 
of them has been made, so far as I am aware. 
By the earliest writers the Koasati were probably included among 
the Alabama. The first independent enumeration of them is in the 
estimate of 1750, which gives 50 men. That of 1760 gives 150 men. 12 
i Ga. Col. Docs., vm, pp. 523-524. 
2 Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, in, p. 559. 
a Ga. Hist. Soc. Colls., m, p. 37. 
* Stiggins, MS. 
f> Sen. Doc. 512, 23d Cong., 1st sess., IV, pp. 258-260. 
e Ann. of Cong., 9th Cong., 2d sess., 1085. 
i Morse, Rept. to Sec. of War, p. 373. 
s Rept. Conim. Ind. Aff. for 1882 p. 340. 
s Ibid., 1901, p. 702. 
io Ibid., 1911, p. 67. 
» Ind. pop. of the U. S., census of 1910, p. 17. 
•» MS., Ayer Coll.; Miss. Prov. Arch., I, p. 94. 
