swan-ton] EARLY HISTORY OF THE CREEE IXDIAXS 441 
1837, 5,400.' Between L838 and L843 the figures are a little over 3,500, 
and between L844 and L856 between 2,500 and 3,000, or a (rifle more. 
Most of these were based on the preceding enumerations, and when, 
in 1S57, an actual census was taken only 1,907 were returned. 2 
During the nc\t l.~> years the number increased slowly until it reached 
about 2,500, andit has continued to vary between this figure and 3,000 
down to the present time. Nevertheless this includes the Seminole 
Negroes or freedmen, and in 1905 it was found that they constituted 
about one-third of the nation, a proportion they have maintained 
ever since. In 1908 an attempt was made to secure separate figures 
for the full and mixed bloods, and 1,399 were returned for the for- 
mer and 739 for the latter. 3 It is probable that this separation was 
only relative and that the actual full bloods, could the truth be 
known, would be found to number a mere handful. The census of 
1910 gives 1,729 Seminole Indians, of whom 1,503 were in Oklahoma 
and 226 in Florida. 4 The last number is evidently an underestimate. 
Until 1893 no figures were given by the United States Indian Office 
for those Seminole who had remained in Florida. MacCaulay, 
however, attempted an exact enumeration of them in 1880 and 
found 208 individuals. 5 In 1893 the Indian Office reported, or rather 
estimated, 450, 6 and the same figure was repeated in 1894. 7 In the 
report of 1895 we find 565 entered and the same number in 1896 and 
1897. 8 In 1898, 1899, and 1900 the number given is 575. 9 In 1902 
it is reduced to 358 10 and so appears until 1911, when it jumps to 
446. " In 1912 this is repeated, but in 1913 it is increased to600, 12 and 
in 1914 reduced to 562. 13 There is known to be a considerable admix- 
ture of Negro blood in the band, but the amount of white blood is 
practically negligible. No separate enumeration of mixed bloods has 
been made. 
The following tables contain the earlier estimates of Creek and 
Seminole population in a more compact form and all of the impor- 
tant censuses taken of them in later times. 
i Kept. Comm. Ind. Aff. for lMr, p. 592, includ- ' Ibid, for 1S94, p. 570. 
Lii}.' Apalachicola Indians. 8 ibid, for 1895, p. 566; 1896. p. 532; 1897, p. 484. 
a Ibid, for 1847, p. 229. » Ibid, for 1898, p. 600; 1899, p. 564; 1900, p. 640. 
' Ibid, for 1908, p. 185. "° Ibid, for 1902, p. 632. 
« Ind. Pop., Census 1910, p. 20. i> Ibid, for 1911, p. 59. 
s Fifth Ann. Kept. Bur. Amir. Ethn., pp. 476-480. 12 Ibid, for 1912, p. 136; 1913, p. 50, 
« Rept. Comm. In* Afl. for 1893, p. 696. "3 Ibid, for 1914, p. 78. 
