APPENDIX: A: VIRUSES 
PATHOGENIC VIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH 
COCKROACHES 
POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES 
The disease caused by these viruses is usually mild, with upper 
respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. The central nervous sys- 
tem may be affected with an accompanying paralysis of voluntary 
muscles (Howe in Rivers, 1948). 
Lansing strain 
Experimental vectors——Blattella germanica, U.S.A. (Hurlbut, 
1949, 1950) : Mouse-adapted virus was inoculated into the hemocoeles 
of the insects. The virus was present in 22 surviving cockroaches 
after 15 days. Virus was not found in the cockroach feces or eggs. 
Emulsions of whole insects produced typical paralysis in mice when 
inoculated intracerebrally. The following authors incorrectly cited 
Hurlbut’s host cockroach as Periplaneta americana: Syverton and 
Fischer (1950), Fischer and Syverton (19514), Findlay and Howard 
(1951), and Hsiang et al. (1952). 
Periplaneta americana, U.S.A. (Hsiang et al., 1952): The virus 
was recovered from the feces of the cockroaches on the first day only, 
after they had been fed virus in an emulsion of cotton-rat brain. No 
virus could be detected in cockroach tissues within 24 hours after the 
virus meal. The authors suggest that virus inactivation might result 
from metabolic effect or from rapid excretion of the virus from the 
gut of the cockroach. 
Brunhilde type, Minnesota and Mahoney strains 
Experimental vectors—Periplaneta americana, U.S.A. (Fischer 
and Syverton, 1951; Syverton et al., 1952): After a single feeding 
this cockroach acquired, maintained, and excreted these viruses over 
a period of 16 days (7 to 15 days [Syverton et al., 1952] ). Sufficient 
virus was recovered to paralyze and kill the recipient animals. 
Columbia SK virus 
Disease——This virus is pathogenic for cotton rats, mice, golden 
hamsters, guinea pigs, and monkeys (Findlay and Howard, 1951). 
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