NO. IO COCKROACHES—ROTH AND WILLIS 67 
1954): Organism isolated from cockroaches captured in sewer man- 
holes. 
Salmonella sp. (Type Tennessee) 
Synonymy.—Salmonella tennessee. 
Disease.—Presumably a cause of food poisoning. Found in turkeys, 
powdered eggs, man. 
Natural vectors—Periplaneta americana, U.S.A. (Eads et al., 
1954): Organism isolated from cockroaches captured in sewer man- 
holes. 
Salmonella typhimurium (Loeffler) Castellani and Chalmers 
Synonymy.—Bac. Breslau of Pavloskii. 
Disease.—Food poisoning in man. Found in mice, snakes. 
Natural vectors.—Blattella germanica, Belgium (Graffar and Mer- 
tens, 1950): Isolated from a cockroach captured in a hospital ward 
during an epidemic of gastroenteritis. The epidemic was stopped by 
extermination of the cockroaches. 
Nauphoeta cinerea, Australia (Mackerras and Mackerras, 1948) : 
Organism isolated from the gut of an insect captured in hospital 
wards where cases of Salmonella infection were occurring. 
Experimental vectors —Blaberus crantifer, U.S.A. (Wedberg et al., 
1949): Massive amounts of this organism passed through the di- 
gestive tract and were recovered in the feces up to 12 days thereafter. 
Blatta orientalis, U.S.S.R. (Rozengolts and Tudina in Pavlovskii, 
1948): After the organism was fed to the cockroaches, it was found 
in the intestinal tracts and feces up to the fourth day. The organism 
in the insects’ intestinal tracts was changed, but after it was subcul- 
tured or passed through mice it regained the properties of the original 
strain. 
Blattella germanica, Belgium (Graffar and Mertens, 1950): After 
a meal containing S. typhimurium, the digestive tracts of the cock- 
roaches contained numerous Salmonella up to 10 days and some still 
contained pathogens on the fourteenth day. The presence of the 
pathogens on the exoskeleton was irregular after the fourth day, but 
many were still present up to the tenth day. U.S.A. (Olson and 
Rueger, 1950): The organism was recovered from the digestive tract 
9 days after the original inoculative feeding. U.S.A. (Janssen and 
Wedberg, 1952): When S. typhimurium was fed to the cockroaches 
in sufficient numbers, positive cultures could be obtained from the 
feces up to the seventh day and from the alimentary canals up to the 
eleventh day after feeding. U.S.A. (Beck and Coffee, 1943): These 
workers reported that B. germanica did not disseminate the organism. 
