68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 134 
U.S.S.R. (Rozengolts and Iudina in Pavlovskii, 1948): Same com- 
ments as reported by these workers under B. orientalis. 
Nauphoeta cinerea, Australia (Mackerras and Pope, 1948): Viable 
Salmonella excreted in the cockroach feces up to 16 days after inocu- 
lative feeding. In a laboratory colony of this cockroach, which had 
been fed on a culture of S. typhimurium, the entire immature insect 
and the intestines of adults were positive on the third, fifteenth, and 
twenty-fifth days after feeding. The organism was also isolated from 
paper from the culture jar, and from agar plates on which some of 
the cockroaches were allowed to walk. 
Periplaneta americana, U.S.A. (Beck and Coffee, 1943): The or- 
ganism is capable of being disseminated by this cockroach which ap- 
parently harbors it in the intestine as well as mechanically on the 
appendages. (Jung and Shaffer, 1952): This organism survived in 
the gut of P. americana fairly regularly and persisted for at least 
7 days when the insects had ingested human feces containing approxi- 
mately 10* or more viable S. typhimurium (strain 5609). 
Periplaneta australasiae and Supella supellectilium, Australia (Mac- 
kerras and Pope, 1948): Organism recovered from the feces or guts 
from two of three P. australasiae and from two of two S. supellec- 
tilium. 
Polyphaga saussurei, U.S.S.R. (Zmeev in Pavlovskii, 1948): The 
organism was fed mixed with bread and human feces. It passed 
unchanged through the insect. Mice fed with the intestines of P. 
saussurei, which had been infected per os, died and the organism was 
reisolated from the mice. 
Salmonella typhosa (Zopf) White 
Synonymy.—‘‘Bacillo del tifo” of Antonelli (1930). Bacillus 
typhosus. Eberth’s bacillus. “Palochki britishnogo tifa” of Pavlovskii. 
Disease.—Typhoid fever, 
Natural vectors ——Blatta orientalis, Italy (Antonelli, 1930, 1943) : 
The organism was isolated from the legs of cockroaches captured in 
the homes of people who had contracted typhoid. The cockroaches had 
easy access to open latrines in which typhoid patients voided feces. 
The organism was also recovered from cockroach feces on bread and 
cheese collected in the same homes. 
Cockroaches, U.S.A. (Englemann, 1903): Englemann described 
an outbreak of typhoid in Chicago and presumed cockroaches to be 
carriers ; however, no evidence was given to support this view. 
Experimental vectors.—Blaberus craniufer, U.S.A. (Wedberg et al., 
