NO. I0 COCKROACHES—ROTH AND WILLIS 69 
1949): Attempts to pass the typhoid organism through this cock- 
roach were unsuccessful. Massive doses of the organism were fed, 
but in no instance could it be isolated from the feces or digestive tract. 
Blatta orientalis, Italy (Spinelli and Reitano, 1932) : The organism 
was isolated from the feces and intestinal tract; it survived in the 
insect’s gut for 9 days. Some of the organisms were recovered from 
the feces 3 days after the experimental meal had been ingested. 
U.S.A. (McBurney and Davis, 1930): Cockroaches, starved under 
sterile conditions for 72 hours and then fed S. typhosa for 120 hours, 
gave colonies which only once could be confirmed as S. typhosa by the 
agglutination test and reactions on sugar broths. However, organisms 
resembling S. typhosa were obtained from cockroaches fed S. typhosa; 
no such organisms were obtained prior to the experimental feeding. 
No tests were made to determine the virulence of S. typhosa that had 
passed through the cockroaches’ intestines. U.S.S.R. (Rozengolts 
and [udina in Pavlovskii, 1948): The organism was found in the 
intestines of insects up to the twenty-third day and in the feces up to 
the eleventh day. However, after the third day the organism became 
less frequent. 
Blattella germanica, U.S.A. (Janssen and Wedberg, 1952): Con- 
trolled feeding of massive doses of S. typhosa failed to produce a 
single positive stool after 24 hours in all cockroaches tested. Only 
2 of 45 stools passed within the first 18 hours after the feeding were 
positive. The presence of a lethal agent responsible for the destruc- 
tion of S. typhosa could not be revealed. Germany (Jettmar, 1927): 
Cockroaches fed typhoid cultures showed a higher mortality than 
those fed plague bacilli. U.S.S.R. (Rozengolts and [udina in Pav- 
lovskii, 1948) : Same comments as reported by these authors under 
B, orientalis, 
Periplaneta americana, Gold Coast Colony (Macfie, 1922): The 
organism could not be recovered after feeding. Netherlands (Akker- 
man, 1933): Organism isolated from the gut, up to 2 days, and in 
the feces up to 3 days after feeding. Formosa (Morischita and 
Tsuchimochi, 1926): The feces of 40 out of 50 cockroaches fed 
S. typhosa contained this organism within 3 hours after feeding and 
for about 3 days thereafter. U.S.A. (T. Olson, p.c.): Organisms 
recovered in feces 5 days after feeding; water in containers was con- 
taminated by mouth contact after 5' days. 
Periplaneta australasiae, Formosa (Morischita and Tsuchimochi, 
1926): All three insects that were fed S. typhosa excreted this or- 
ganism in their feces within 3 hours and for about 3 days thereafter. 
Polyphaga saussurei, U.S.S.R. (Zmeev in Pavlovskii, 1948): The 
