72 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 134 
Pasteurella multocida (Lehmann and Neumann) Rosenbusch and Merchant 
Synonymy.—“B., del colera dei polli” of Cao (1906) was interpreted 
by Pierce (1921) and Steinhaus (1946) as Bacterium cholerae gal- 
linarum. Hithnercholerabacterien. Pasteurella avicida. 
Disease.—The cause of hemorrhagic septicemia in birds and mam- 
mals; chicken cholera. 
Experimental vectors.—Blatta orientalis, Germany (Kiister, 1902, 
1903): In 1902 Kuster found that the organism passed through the 
intestine of the insect without losing its virulence; but in 1903, after 
he fed the organism to cockroaches it was not recovered. Italy (Cao, 
1906): Cao found that the bacterium of chicken cholera, which had 
lost virulence, regained part of its virulence after passage through the 
cockroach’s intestine. 
Pasteurella pestis (Lehmann and Neumann) Holland 
Synonymy.—*‘Bacillo della peste bubbonica di Kitasato e Yersin” 
of Cao. 
Disease.—Causative organism of plague in man, rats, other rodents. 
Infectious for mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits. 
Natural vectors—Blatta orientalis, Hong Kong (Hunter, 1906): 
Insects collected from plague-infected foci contained P. pestis. Trans- 
mission of plague by flea bites and feces is now well established. Pre- 
sumably for cockroaches to serve as vectors of this disease, they would 
have to contaminate wounds (bites?) with infected, regurgitated 
material or infected feces, or be eaten by the host. 
Experimental vectors——Blatta orientalis, Italy (Cao, 1898). Ger- 
many (Kiister, 1903). Cao found that the organism passed through 
the gut of the insect unchanged in virulence. Kuster found that after 
fresh cockroach feces had been injected into a rat, the animal died of 
plague; feces over 24 hours old were not infectious. 
Blattella germanica, Germany (Jettmar, 1927): Cockroaches re- 
mained alive while being fed P. pestis for one month. The organism 
lost its virulence in the intestine of the insect, and it was not possible 
to infect guinea pigs with fresh feces from bacteria-fed cockroaches. 
Leucophaea maderae and Periplaneta americana, Philippine Islands 
(Barber, 1912): In one experiment, 11 P. americana and 15 L. 
maderae were inoculated in the leg with a virulent strain of P. pestis. 
Eleven of these insects died within 2 days; six of the dead insects 
showed pure P. pestis cultures. In another experiment, 61 cockroaches 
were inoculated with virulent P. pestis. Nine of these showed, at 
necropsy, pure cultures of bacilli morphologically resembling P. pestis. 
