No. 10 COCKROACHES—ROTH AND WILLIS 73 
Massive doses of P. pestis failed to infect most of the insects when 
injected into the body. 
Cockroaches, Australia (Pound, 1907) : Pound suspected that con- 
trol guinea pigs in his laboratory became infected with plague by eat- 
ing food contaminated by cockroaches. In the laboratory, rats may be 
infected with plague by ingesting the bacteria (Rosenau, 1940). 
Family BACILLACEAE 
Bacillus anthracis Cohen emend. Koch 
Synonymy.—‘“Bacillo del carbonchio” of Cao. Milzbrandbacillen 
of Kuster. 
Disease —Cause of anthrax in man, cattle, sheep, and swine. 
Experimental vectors.—Blatta orientalis, Italy (Cao, 1898, 1906) : 
Organism passed through the gut unchanged. It was excreted in the 
feces for a month after a single feeding. Attenuated B. anthracis re- 
gained full virulence in some experiments but not in others (Cao, 
1906). Germany (Kiister, 1903) : Virulence was proved by injection 
of recovered organism into white mice. 
Bacillus subtilis Cohn emend. Prazmowski 
Disease.—After passage through the cockroach’s intestine, the bac- 
terium became pathogenic to laboratory animals (Cao, 1898). Nor- 
mally found in soil and decomposing organic matter. 
Natural vectors——Blaberus craniifer, U.S.A. (Wedberg et al., 
1949): From feces. 
Blatta orientalis, Italy (Cao, 1898, 1906) : From intestinal contents. 
(Spinelli and Reitano, 1932): Feces. France (Sartory and Clerc, 
1908): Feces. Poland (Nicewicz et al., 1946) : Feces. 
Cryptocercus punctulatus, U.S.A. (Hatcher, 1939): From feces. 
Periplaneta americana, England (Shrewsbury and Barson, 1948) : 
Intestinal tract. 
Cockroaches, U.S.A. (Longfellow, 1913) : Outer part of body and 
intestinal tract. 
Experimental vectors.—Blatta orientalis, Italy (Cao, 1898, 1906) : 
Organism recovered from intestinal tract. 
Clostridium feseri Trevisan 
Synonymy.—‘Bacillo del carbonchio sintomatico” of Cao. 
Disease.—Cause of black leg or symptomatic anthrax in cattle and 
other animals. Habitat: Probably manured soil. 
