g2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 134 
cockroaches fed eggs in banana passed feces from which one to seven 
hookworm larvae were cultured. At least seven other cockroaches 
passed from 3 to 14 viable hookworm eggs within 24 hours after feed- 
ing ; one of these passed 23 eggs in the feces 3 days after feeding. In 
conclusion, Akkerman doubted the conception of Chandler (1926) 
(see Necator americanus) concerning the destruction of hookworm 
eggs in the proventriculus of the cockroach. 
Ancylostoma ceylanicum (Looss, 1911) Leiper, 1915 
Diease-—Hookworm of dogs and, rarely, in man (Brumpt, 1949). 
Experimental vectors——Periplaneta americana, Gold Coast Colony 
(Macfie, 1922) : The eggs passed unharmed through the gut and were 
recovered in the feces. Netherlands (Akkerman, 1933): See com- 
ments under Ancylostoma caninum. 
Ancylostoma duodenale (Dubini, 1843) Creplin, 1845 
Common name.—Old World hookworm. 
Disease—Human hookworm infection of temperate climates in 
Eastern Hemisphere. 
Natural vectors—Periplaneta americana, South Africa (Porter, 
1929, 1930): The cockroach acted as a mechanical carrier in the gold 
mines. Ninety-seven cockroaches were examined from four mines; 
8.2 percent of the insects contained viable hookworm eggs and larvae. 
Experimental vectors——Periplaneta americana, Gold Coast Colony 
(Macfie, 1922): The eggs passed unharmed through the gut and ap- 
peared in the feces for 1 to 3 days after the inoculative meal. Many 
eggs in the feces contained living embryos. 
Necator americanus (Stiles, 1902) Stiles, 1906 
Common name.—Tropical hookworm. 
Disease —Human hookworm infection of warm climates. 
Natural vectors—Periplaneta americana, India, western Bengal 
(Chandler, 1926): The American cockroach ingested the ova of 
N. americanus that were present in human feces in mines. Though a 
few eggs passed through the gut in a viable condition, most were 
destroyed in the proventriculus. Chandler concluded that the cock- 
roach played an important role in controlling hookworm infection so 
long as other food was not available and the human stools were not 
concentrated too much in one area. However, in contrast to this con- 
clusion, see Macfie (1922) below, Porter (1929, 1930) under An- 
