I04 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 134 
Distribution—Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, United States 
(Alicata, 1935). 
Gongylonema sp. (?) 
Synonymy.—The larvae found by Magalhaes (1900) to be similar 
to Filaria rytipleurites probably belong here (Seurat, 1916). 
Disease.—Parasites of esophagus and mouth cavity of vertebrates 
including man. 
Natural intermediate hosts—Periplaneta americana, Brazil (Ma- 
galhaes, 1900): Encysted larvae of the parasite were found in the 
insect’s body cavity. 
Microtetrameres helix Cram, 1927 
Disease.-—Stomach parasite of birds. 
Experimental intermediate hosts.—Blattella germanica, U.S.A. 
(Cram, 1934). 
Development in intermediate host—Eggs fed to the cockroaches 
developed to third-stage larvae in 26 to 68 days. 
Definitive hosts——Crow, pigeon. 
Protospirura bonnei Ortlepp, 1924 
Disease —Parasite of rats. 
Natural intermediate hosts—Leucophaea maderae, Venezuela, 
Caracas (Brumpt, 1931): The larval nematode is sometimes very 
abundant in this cockroach. 
Experimental intermediate hosts—Blatta orientalis, Blattella ger- 
manica, and Leucophaea maderae (nymphs), France, Paris (Brumpt, 
1931). 
The parasite does not seem to develop in Blaberus giganteus, 
Periplaneta americana, and P. australasiae (Brumpt, 1931). 
Defimtive host——Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). 
Effect of worm on definitive host—The worm apparently does not 
alter the histology of the stomach mucosa of the rat which does not 
seem to show any clinical signs of infection. 
Protospirura columbiana Cram, 1926 
Disease.—Parasite of esophagus, stomach, and upper intestine of 
rats. 
Experimental intermediate host—Blattella germanica, U.S.A. 
(Cram, 1926). 
Definitive host—Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). 
