NO. IO COCKROACHES—ROTH AND WILLIS 105 
Protospirura muricola Gedoelst, 1916 
Disease.—Stomach parasite of rats and primates. 
Natural intermediate hosts —Leucophaea maderae, Panama (Foster 
and Johnson, 1938, 1939): 96 percent of 135 cockroaches were in- 
fected. Only cockroaches caught in the vicinity of the monkey cages 
contained spiruroid larvae;.cockroaches caught elsewhere were not 
infected. Five other species of cockroaches that were examined were 
not infected. 
Development in intermediate host—The cockroaches acquired the 
parasite by ingesting eggs in the feces of the definitive host. Infective 
larvae were found in discoidal cysts mainly in the thorax, around the 
crop, and at the bases of the large muscles of the first pair of legs. 
An average of over 100 cysts per dissection per day’s catch was not 
unusual. 
Definitive hosts —Rats are the normal hosts for this nematode, but 
the worm apparently can adapt to the following primate hosts: White- 
faced monkey (Cebus capucinus), Darien black spider monkey 
(Ateles dariensis Goldman), and Canal Zone night monkey (Aotus 
zonalis Goldman). 
Development in definitive host—The monkeys become infected by 
eating Madeira cockroaches that contain encysted larvae. The worms 
live in the esophagus and stomach and cause injury by obstruction, 
tissue invasion, and secondary infection. Infections may be fatal, 
particularly to white-face monkeys; 20 deaths of experimental mon- 
keys have been ascribed to protospiruriasis, 
Seurocyrnea colini (Cram, 1927) Cram, 1931 
Synonymy.—Cyrnea colint Cram, 1927. 
Disease.—Parasite in proventriculus of birds. 
Experimental intermediate hosts.—Blattella germanica, U.S.A. 
(Cram, 1931, 1931a, 1933a). It is possible that cockroaches found in 
fields and woods serve as normal hosts (Cram, 1931, 19314). 
Development in intermediate host.—The eggs ingested by the cock- 
roach hatch and the larvae leave the digestive tract and develop in the 
body cavity. The larvae do not appear to encyst but develop to the 
third stage in the tissues and apparently mature after 18 days in the 
insect. 
Definitive hosts—Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus virginianus 
and Colinus virginianus texanus), turkey, prairie chicken (Tympanu- 
chus americanus americanus), sharp-tailed grouse (Pedioecetes 
| phasianellus compestris). (Cram, 1931.) 
