NO. I0 COCKROACHES—ROTH AND WILLIS 107 
Experimental definitive hosts—Duckling of domestic duck, ruffed 
grouse (Bonasa umbellus), pigeon (Cram, 19314). 
Tetrameres pattersoni Cram, 1933 
Disease —Parasite in glandular stomach of bobwhite quail. 
Experimental intermediate hosts—Blattella germanica, U.S.A. 
(Cram, 1933): Third-stage larvae had encysted in the muscles of 
the legs and head and in the body cavity within 24 days after an infec- 
tive meal. 
Definitive host—Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). 
Family PHYSALOPTERIDAE 
Physaloptera hispida Schell, 1950 
Disease.—Stomach parasite in the definitive hosts ; it causes chronic 
ulcers. 
Experimental intermediate hosts——Blattella germanica, U.S.A. 
(Schell, 1952, 1952a). Attempts to infect Periplaneta americana, 
Periplaneta australasiae, and Parcoblatta pensylvanica failed (Schell, 
1952). 
Development in intermediate host —Eggs ingested by the cockroach 
hatch in the midgut and the larvae pass on to the colon where they 
penetrate the peritrophic membrane and invade the epithelium. The 
invaded epithelial cells are destroyed. The larva undergoes two molts 
and encysts within the tissues of the colon or rectum. The infective 
stage was reached in 30 to 35 days, and the larva was infective for 
the definitive host even after 4-months’ encystment in the cockroach. 
(Schell, 1952, 1952a.) 
Natural definitive hosts—Cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus littoralis 
Chapman). 
Experimental definitive hosts—Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) 
and albino rat (Schell, 1952). 
Development in definitive host.—Infective larvae which were fed 
to cotton rats grew rapidly and developed in the pyloric region of the 
stomach. The worms reached sexual maturity within 73 to go days, 
after which embryonated eggs were detected in the rats’ feces. The 
parasites caused formation of chronic ulcers although infected animals 
exhibited no noticeable external symptoms. (Schell, 1952.) 
Physaloptera maxillaris Molin, 1860 
Disease.—Parasite in alimentary tract. 
Experimental intermediate hosts——Blattella germanica, U.S.A. 
(Hobmaier, 1941). 
