No. IO COCKROACHES—ROTH AND WILLIS 10g 
that cockroaches, among other insects, may serve as the intermediate 
hosts and cites Oldham (1931) as the source of this information. 
However, Oldham (1931) pointed out the lack of experimental evi- 
dence for claims that cockroaches serve as host for this cestode. 
Joyeux (1920) and Riley and Johannsen (1938), using B. orientalis 
and B. germanica, and Chandler (1922), using B. germanica and P. 
americana, could not infect these cockroaches with H. diminuta. 
Zmeev (1936) in Tadzikhistan found two specimens of Polyphaga 
saussurei, each of which contained an egg of Hymenolepis sp.; these 
insects were found where there were numerous rats that were infected 
with Hymenolepis diminuta, 
Inermicapsifer madagascariensis (Davaine in Grenet, 1870) Baer, 1956 
Synonymy.—Raillietina madagascariensis. Davainea madagascari- 
ensis. 
Blanchard (1899, footnote p. 214) stated that it seemed to him 
that cockroaches (Periplaneta americana and Blatia orientalis) could 
be looked upon with suspicion as vectors of this cestode. The follow- 
ing statements probably trace back to Blanchard. Wellman (1910) 
stated that the tapeworm Davainea was thought to be disseminated by 
cockroaches. Castellani and Chalmers (1919) suggested that the 
cysticercus may be found in Blatta orientalis or Periplaneta americana, 
Fox (1925), Faust (1939), and Mackie et al. (1945) stated that 
species of Periplaneta are believed to be intermediate hosts of this 
tapeworm. However, we have been unable to locate direct evidence 
that supports these suggestions. Joyeux and Baer (1936), Chandler 
(1949), Faust (1955), and Baer (1956) did not mention cockroaches 
as possible intermediate hosts for this cestode. 
Spirocerca sanguinolenta (Rudolphi, 1819) Seurat, 1913 
Synonymy.—S piroptera sanguinolenta Rudolphi, 1819. 
Grassi (1888) believed that he showed that Blatta orientalis served 
in Sicily as the intermediate host of this spiruroid parasite of dogs. 
(See also Railliet, 1889 ; Nuttall, 1899; Roger, 1906, 1907.) However, 
Faust (1928), working in China, could not infect B. orientalis, Peri- 
planta americana, or Periplaneta australasiae by feeding them the eggs 
of this nematode, and he found a dung beetle to be the insect host. 
Dung beetles are listed as intermediate hosts of S. sanguinolenta by 
Chandler (1949). Faust believed that Grassi was probably dealing 
with another spiruroid parasite of which the dog is an abnormal host. 
This conclusion probably applies equally well to the work of Roger 
