CONTENTS XVll 



PAGE 



Hay Springs, Nebraska 450 



Rock Creek, Texas 458 



Silver Lake of the Oregon Desert 458 



Late Phases of tlie Equus Zone . . 461 



Early and Late Pleistocene Life of Kansas ...... 401 



2. Mid-Plkistocene Mammals of tiik Fokksted Kegions .... 404 



Characteristic Mammals 406 



Aftonian Interglacial Stage .... 407 



Upper Lake Lahoiitan Beds ......... 468 



Port Kennedy Cave, Pennsylvania ........ 468 



Frankstown Cave, Pennsylvania 470 



Ashley River, South Carolina . 471 



Rancho La Brea, Southern California 472 



Washtucna Lake, Washington 474 



Afton, Indian Territory .......... 475 



Potter Creek Cave, California 475 



Samwel Cave, California 477 



Big Bone Lick, Kentucky 478 



Characteristic Mid-Pleistocene Mammals 480 



Mastodons 480 



Bison 482 



Mountain Antelopes 483 



Tapirs 484 



Horses 484 



Lions 485 



3. Fauna of the Ovibos Zone 486 



Conard Fissure of Arkansas ......... 487 



Canadian Deposits 488 



The Alaskan Fauna 489 



Characteristic Mammals of the Third or Ovibos Zone .... 492 



Distribution of Musk Oxen 492 



Siren ians or Sea-Cows . 493 



Antiquity of Man in North America 494 



Man and the Mastodon 495 



Man and Megalonyx 496 



Human Implements and Extinct Mammals ...... 497 



Human Remains in Cave Deposits 498 



Skeletal Remains attributed to Early Man 499 



Causes of Pleistocene Extinction 500 



