INTRODUCTION 27 



6. Carnivora. 



a. Creodonta, or Primitive Carnivora (Eocene). Surviving to the l^ower 

 Oligoceue. 



6. Fissipedia, of Middle Eocene to recent times, including the civets, 

 hyaenas, dogs, raccoons, bears. 



c. Pinnipfidia. Seals, walruses. Known from ^Miocene to recent times. 



7. RODENTIA. Squirrels, beavers, mice, i)orcupines, etc. Lower Eocene 



to recent times. 



8. Ti^NIODONTA. orGANODONTA. Probablv ancestral or related to the 



edentates. Primitive, with enamel on the teeth. Basal to Middle 

 Eocene, North America only. 



9. Edentata, i )r Xenarthra. True South American edentates (also 



North America, Eocene and Recent), without enamel on the teeth, 

 Eocene to Recent. Sloths, armadillos, glyptodonts, ground sloths, 

 ant-bears, etc. 



10. Ph OLID OTA. Scaly Anteaters, or Pangolins {Manls), of India and 



Africa. Oligocene to recent times. 



11. Tub ULIDEN TATA. Aardvarks (Ori/cieropus). Oligoceue to recent 



times. Africa (recent species), and Eurojte (extinct species only). 



B. PRIMA TES, primarily adapted to arboreal and ambulatory life, fingers 



terminating in " nails," rarely in claws. Frugivorous, pliytophagous, 

 and omnivorous. The primitive forms are distantly allied to the 

 Unguiculata-Insectivora. 



12. Primates, including 



a. Lemuroidea, lemurs, galagos, " aye-aye," tarsier, etc., and extinct 



leinuroids. Eocene to recent times. 



b. Anthropoidea, monkeys and apes, including South American mar- 



mosets, Old World monkeys, baboons, apes, and anthropoid apes, 

 also man. Miocene to recent times. 



C. UNGULATA, or IIoofkd ^Mammals, herbivorous, primarily ambula- 



tory and cursorial, secondarily aquatic and rarely arboreal. Originally 

 derived from members of the Unguiculata. 



1. ARCTOG^AN HOOFED MAMMALS 



i.e. of North America, Asia, Europe, and Africa. 

 A. Probably of Holarctic Origin. 



13. Condylarthra. Archaic, primitive, light-limbed, hoofed mammals, 



surviving to the Lower Eocene. 



14. Amblypoda. Archaic, heavy-limbed quadrupeds, surviving to the 



Upper Eocene. 



15. Artiodactyla. Even-toed, hoofed mammals, including pigs, 



hippopotami, camels, tragnlines, deer, giraffes, antelopes, sheep, oxen, 

 and many extinct forms. Lower Eocene to recent times. 



