CONTENTS 



XV 



4. 



Climatic and Physiographic Conditions . . , 



Flora of the Pliocene ....... 



Flora of California 



Sirenians on the Pacific Coast 



Flora of the Eastern States 



Latk Miocexk or Early Pliockne .... 



Alachua Clays or ' Archer Beds' of Florida 



Kepublican River of Kansas, Peraceras Zone 



Characteristic Lower Pliocene Mammals . 



Horses, Rhinoceroses, 'i'apirs, Even-toed Mammals, Mastodons, 

 nivores ........ 



Lower Pliocene, Late Phase ..... 



Snake River Formation, Xeotragoceros Zone 



Virgin Valley and Thousand Creek of Nevada . 



Rattlesnake Formation of the John Day Valley, Oregon 

 Middle Pliocene 



Blanco Formation of Texas, Glyptotherium Zone 

 Upper Pliocene or Lower Pleistocene . . 



Peace Creek Formation, Florida .... 



' Loup River ' Formation of Nebraska, Elephas Imperator 



Conclusions as to American Pliocene .... 



Causes of Pliocene Extinction ..... 



Zone 



Car- 



PA<iE 



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3.-)0 

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CHAPTER VI. THE PLEISTOCENE 



Seventh Faunal Phase .... 



Sinular Divisions of the Seventh Phase in the New and Old ^V 

 Time Divisions of the Quaternary 

 Glacial Period in the Alpine Region . 



Alternate Migration Theory . 



Faunal, Glacial, and Culture Stages 



The Eolithic Stage 

 Duration of the Pleistocene 

 Geologic Deposits .... 



I. Pleistocene Life of Europe 



Flora and Climate .... 



Four Faunas, Secular Northward and Southward Mi 



Rhinoceroses 



1. The First or Early Pleistocene Fauna 



Geologic Proofs of the First Glacial Advance 

 Flora of the Norfolk Interglacial 

 IVIammals of the Norfolk Interglacial . 

 Lower Pleistocene of France 

 Characteristic Lower Pleistocene Mammals 



Elephants ..... 



Rhinoceroses ..... 

 Human Culture Stages. Eolithic Flints 



2. The Second or Mid-Pleistocene P^auna 



Flora of the Interglacial Periods 



grations 



orlds 



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 39a 

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