CONTENTS 



Xlll 



Bridget Fisli and Reptile Fauna 



The Succession of Middle p]ocene Mammals 



Upper Eocene 



The Atlantic Coast Region ........ 



Causes of Extinction of the Ai'chaic Orders of Eocene Mammals 



PACE 



IGO 

 161 

 166 

 170 

 172 



CHAPTER III. THE OLIGOCENE 



Fourth Faunal Phase 



Mammals of the Lower Oligocene 



Pal^ogeography .... 



Continental Connections 

 Geographic Changes in Europe . 



Flora and Climate .... 



Europe 



America ..... 



Physiographic Conditions 



Europe ...... 



I. Oligocenk Life of Europe 



Lower Oligocene, Sannoisian 

 Middle Oligocene, Stampian 

 Upper Oligocene, Aquitanian 



II. Upper Eocene and Oligocene Life of North A 



Geology of the Fayuin Deposits . 

 Fauna of the Fayum Deposits 



III. Oligocene Life of America . 



Geologic Conditions 



Prevailing ilammal Tyj^es . 



Lower Oligocene, Titanotherium Zone 



Middle Oligocene, Oreodon Zone 



Upper Oligocene, Protoceras Zone 



Upper Oligocene, Diceratherium Zone 



Upper Oligocene, Pronierycoch(erus Zone 



Causes of Extinction of Oligocene Mammals 



178 



179 



182 

 182 

 188 



181 

 184 

 185 



185 

 185 



187 

 187 

 190 

 193 



199 

 200 

 201 



204 

 204 

 208 

 210 

 219 

 225 

 227 

 231 

 237 



CHAPTER IV. THE MIOCENE 



Fifth Faunal Phase 242 



Flora and Climate of Europe . . . ' 242 



Continental Connections 244 



Physiographic Changes in Europe 210 



Miocene Life of P^urope and America Compared 2 If! 



I. Miocene Life of Europe 21!) 



The Older Fauna 249 



Lower Miocene or Burdigalian 250 



