THE EOCENE OF EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA 



145 



famous by the classic researches of Cuvier. This stage is equivalent in part 

 to the 'Ligurian' of Mayer; the fauna is readily distinguished from that 

 of the Bartonian by the absence of lophiodonts. The mammals described 

 by Cuvier are from near the summit of the (jypse. Of the same age are the 

 rich lignites de la Debruge (Vaucluse). The best known manunalian life 

 of this period, however, is that of the south of France, as shown in the 

 phosphorites of Quercy (3), the lignites of Gargas (5), and at Euzet (8)- 

 In England we have the famous deposits on the Isle of Wight (9), of Hord- 

 well, Bembridge, and Headon. This Ludian fauna is also divided by 

 Dcperet ^ into an older phase and a newer phase. We note the presence 



Fig. 51. — Upper Eocene. Ludian Stage. FRANCE. — 1 St Hippolyte de Caton (Card). 

 Gypse de 2 Pam- (lower strata). Phosphorites dcZ Quercij (in part), south central France. 

 Gypse de 4 Montmartrc, near Paris, dried up lagoons (55 meters). Lignites, gypse de 5 Gnr- 

 gas, southeastern France. Lignites de 6 Monnuiron (Vaucluse). 7 ViUeneuve la Conrptal, 

 near Narbonne. 8 Euzct-Ies-Bains (Card). ENGLAND. — " Barton sand," flu\do-marine, 

 and clays, marls, loams, hmestone, sandstone, etc., of 9 Headon (140-200 ft.); marls and lime- 

 stones, " fluvio-marine " of 9 Bembridge (120 ft.); "Barton clay" of 9 Hordwcll (300 ft.), 

 Isle of Wight. Correlation of Deperet. 



of the larger archaic carnivores, true members of the family Hysenodontidse 

 {Hijcenodon, Quercytherium) , also of the type specimen of Lophiotheriuni, 

 a diminutive horse in the same stage of evolution as the American Epikippus 

 of the Uinta; that is, with the premolar teeth complicated. 



The Upper Ludian, typified by the gypse de Montmartrc (4) is still more 

 readily distmguished by the first appearance, or at least by our first knowl- 



' Deperet, C, L'evolution des Mammif^res tertiaires (Eocene). 1905. 



