OLIGOCENE OF EUROPE, NORTH AFRICA, AND NORTH AMERICA 199 



Old World Miocene pigs (Listriodon, Choerotherium, see p. 253) are at best 

 regarded as aberrant branches of the main Old World {i.e. Propalwochoerus) 

 stem. 



II. UPPER EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LIFE OF AFRICA 



The epoch-making discoveries of recent years in Egypt have already 

 been briefly referred to (p. 72), and now deserve a fuller treatment. On 



Megalohyrax 

 Apterodon 

 Ancodoa . 

 Arsirioithcrium 

 Nelaphiomya 

 Apidium 

 ARSINOITHERIUM 



Arsinottherium 

 Rhagalhenam Palatomasiodon 

 HoenUithum Hegalohyrax 

 Ancodon. PtoUmciia, 

 Sa^/uuAerittm Phiomys 

 Pierodon Aplerodoa 



Fig. 89. — Section throuKh the Eocene and Oligocene formations north of Lake Qiirun, 

 Fayum, Egypt. Arrows indicate levels richest in remains of mammals. After Beadnell, 

 Andrews, Granger, Osborn. 



the southern borders of the Libyan Desert, sixty miles southwest of Cairo, 

 lies a series of bluffs of Upper Eocene and Oligocene age, overlying the 

 fertile basin of the Fayiim. As early as 1879, Schweinfurth discovered 

 some bones of the great Eocene whales among the lower westerly bluffs of 

 what may be known as the Zeuglodon Zone (Fig. 89). In 1898 came the 



