250 



THE AGE OF MAMMALS 



living types of to-day. In short, this older Miocene fauna is devoid of 

 any plains-living elements or any distinctive upland types, and this is in 

 widest contrast with the grazing and cursorial mammals of the newer or 

 Upper Miocene fauna. 



The 7iewer fauna is not a development of the older; it is a distinct and 

 very important invasion both from Asia and Africa. 



Lower Miocene or Burdigalian 



The Miocene is said to be introduced' in the calcaire de Montabuzard, 

 which records the return of the horses (Anchitherium) . The overlying 

 sables de VOrleanais are fluviatile sands, laid down in successive stages 



Fig. 126. — Lower Miocene. Burdigalian. FRANCE. — Sables de 1 Neuville-aux-Bois 

 (Loiret), fluviatile, sables de Rehrechien, 2 Marigny, 3 Fay-au.r-Loges, 4 Beaugency, 5 Tavers, 

 6 Les Barres, Artenay, marnes du Blesois, calcaire de Montabuzard (Loiret), lacustrine. Sables 

 de 7 Chilleurs, Chevilly (Loiret), 8 Neuvilly, near Belgian frontier, fluviatile. Sables de 9 Ruan, 

 north central France. Calcaires et marnes de 10 Suevres (Loire-et-Cher). Faluns et calcaires 

 de 11 Pontlevoy, faluns et sables de Thenay, in la Touraine. Sables de 12 Chitenay (Loire-et- 

 Cher), fluviatile. Faluns de 13 Mnnthelan, in la Touraine, marine. 14 Saint-N azaire-en- 

 Royans (Drome). Mollasse blanche de 15 Angles (Card). LOWER-AUSTRIA. — MoUasse 

 of IQ Eggenhurg, marine. Marine deposits of 17 Linz. SWITZERLAND. — Muschelsand- 

 stein von 18 Briittelen, 19 Macconens, La Moliere, 20 Buchcggherg, western Switzerland, 

 marine. PORTUGAL. — Mollasse of 21 Horta de Tripas, near Lisbon. GERMANY. — 

 Spalte der Schiefcrbrliche von 22 Solenhofen (Bavaria). Correlation of Deperet. 



which contain the entire rich Lower Miocene fauna, parallel with which 

 are widely scattered deposits in France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, 



' Mayet, Mammif^res Miocenes des Sables de I'Orleanais, 1908, p. 314. 



