THE MIOCENE OF EUROPE, ASIA, AND NORTH AMERICA 267 



holds to the unquestionable Lower Pliocene age of Eppelshcini and conse- 

 quently of Pikermi, of which Eppelslieim presents the northern facies, 

 where the antelopes are replaced by deer. Deperet ^ and other writers of 





Fig. 134. — Upper Miocene. Pontian. GREECE. — Red limonite of \ Pikermi. ASIA 

 MINOR. — 2/s/eo/,S'awos. PERSL\. — 3 Mara^/ta (Omitted on map). RUSSIA. — 4 Tcher- 

 nigow, in south central Russia. 5 Sands of Balta, in PodoJia, southwestern Russia. Limestone 

 of 6 Odessa, 7 Groussolowo (Kherson). ROUMANIA. — 8 Manzati. HUNGARY. —9 Balta- 

 tar. Lignites of 10 Baroth-Kopecz. AUSTRIA. — 11 Siebenhirten, near Vienna. Congeria 

 gravels of 12 Vienna basin. 13 Eggenhurg, near Vienna. FRANCE. — Limons rouges de 

 \^ Mont Luberori (Vaucluse). \b Visan (Vaucluse). \6 Aubigjias (.\rd^che). Cinerites de 

 17 Puy-Courny (Cantal). Lignites de 18 Raint-Jean-de-Bournay, 19 La Tour-du-Pin (Is^re). 

 Marnes de 20 La Trappe de Chambaran (Is&re). 21 Alont Mirail (Drome). Lignites de 

 22 Tersanne (Vaucluse). Mollasse de 23 La Croix-Roiisse (Ain), freshwater. 24 Sainte-Foy- 

 a Lyon, nea.T Lyons. Mollasse d' 25 yl??!6erieK (Ain), fresh water. 26 iSo^j^a^/ (Ain) . 26si Saint- 

 Jean-le-Vieux (Ain). 27 Rocher du Dragon, near Aix (Bouches-du-Rhone). Marnes de 

 28 Monfredon (Herault). Lacustrine deposits of 29 Estavar (Cerdagne). 30 Orignac (Haute- 

 Garonne) SPAIN. — Lacustrine deposits of 31 Concud (Arragon). PORTUGAL. — 32 Ar- 

 cJiino, on the Tagus. SICILY. — 33 Grasitelli, near Messina. GERMANY. — 34 Salmen- 

 dingen (Bavaria). Bohnerz von 35 Melchingen, 36 Trochtelfingen, 37 Ebingen, in Swabia. 

 38 Undingen (Baden). 39 Heuherg, in Swabia. Kies von 40 Eppelshcim, near Worms (7-10 

 meters). Correlation of Deperet. 



the French school are equally positive that this entire fauna should be 

 regarded as Upper Miocene. 



Pikermi. — Gaudry after his explorations between 1855 and 18G0 gave 

 a brilliant picture of the life of Greece in his great memoir of 1862. ■^ He 

 observed (p. 326 seq.) that vast plains prolml)ly extended eastward, con- 

 necting Greece with Asia, and beyond the arid Pentelicus and Hymettus 



* Deperet, C, L'evolution des Mammifferes tertiaires (Mincfene), C. R., 1906, p. 112.3. 

 ' Gaudry, A., .\nimaux Fossiles et Gf'ologie dc IWttique, d'apr&s les Rcfherches faites en 

 1855-1856 et en 1860 sous les auspices de I'Academie des Sciences, Paris, 1862. 



