30c 



THE AGE OF MAMMALS 



PARTIAL LIST OF PLIOCENE MAMMALS OF THE NEW AND 



WORLDS 



OLD 



Peculiar to Europe and Asia 



I. Lower and Middle 

 Pliocene 

 Roe deer (Capreolv^s) 

 True antelopes and ga- 

 zelles 

 Sumatran rhinoceroses 



(Dicerorhinus) 

 True rhinoceroses 

 (Rhinoceros, Asia 

 only) 

 African and Asiatic 



monkeys 

 True boars (Sus) 

 Porcupines (Hystrix) 

 Tailless hares (Lagomys) 

 Hyaenas (Hycena) 

 Dog-bears (Hycenarctos) 

 Civets (Viverra) 

 Bears (Ursu^) 

 Pandas (Ailurus) 

 Wild Cat (Felis catus) 

 Lynxes (Felis lynx) 

 Foxes (Vulpes) 



II. Upper Pliocene 



Common to Europe, Asia, 

 and North America 



I. Lower and Middle 

 Pliocene 

 Mastodons . 



(tetralophodont and 



trilophodont) 

 Last hornless and tele- 



ocerine rhinoceroses 



(not in Europe) 

 Hipparions 

 Bovid antelopes 

 Tapirs ' 

 Mustelids 

 Canids 



Macha^rodonts 

 Felids (Felis) 

 Murids ' (Mus) 

 Hares ' (Lepus) 

 Otters ' (Lutra) 



Peculiar to North America 



I. Lower and Middle 

 Pliocene 



Last oreodonts 



Camels and llamas 



Ancestral horses 



Ancestral Americaa 

 deer 



Merycodonts 



Dicotylids or pec- 

 caries 



Haplodonts, sewellels 



Geom\nds, gophers 



Procyonids 



Amphicyonids, or 

 giant dogs 



Gravigrade eden- 

 tates 

 (Megalonychids) 



II. Upper Pliocene 



Elephants (Elephas) 

 True horses (Equus) 

 Camels 



(N. America, Asia) 



II. Middle Pliocene 

 OF South American 

 Origin 

 Glyptodont eden- 

 tates 

 Gravigrade eden- 

 tates 



Polycladine and axis 

 deer 



Bovines (Bos) 

 Hippopotami 

 Macaques (Macacus) 

 Voles (Arvicola) 

 African murids 



(Lophiomys, Rus- 



cinomys) 

 Hamsters (Cricetus) 

 Moles (Talpa) 

 Shrews (Sorex, Cro- 



cidura) 



' These mammals undoubtedly existed in the American Pliocene, although they have 

 not yet been recorded. 



