322 



THE AGE OF MAMMALS 



are thoroughly intermingled. The only continents which do not contribute 

 in the least to this assemblage are South America and Australia. 



H iipothetical Original Sources of the Pliocene Life of Southern Asia 



3. Natives of 

 North America 

 Rhinoceroses 

 Horses 

 Tapirs 

 Camels 

 Canids 

 ?Wolves and foxes 



Natives 

 Africa 



Mastodons 

 Dinotheres 

 ?Elcphants 



op 



1. Natives OF South- 2. Natives of 



ERN Asia Eurasia 



Anthropoid apes Bears 



Catarrhine monkeys Porcupines 



Cavicornia Mustelines 



Cattle (Bovidae) Felids 



Antelopes (Antilopinse) Dinocyons 



of Asiatic and Afri- Elotheres 



can types Anthracotheres 



Goats (Caprinae) Chalicotheres 



Tragulids, or true chev- True deer 



retains 

 Cervuline deer 

 Axis deer 

 Musk deer 

 Viverrids or civets 

 Hysenas 

 Cheetahs 



(Cynoelurus) 

 Pangolins ? 



{Manis) 



Nor does the above list by any means include all the mammals of the 

 south Asiatic Pliocene, because all the small fauna still awaits discovery, 

 the following mammals being conspicuous by their absence in the Pliocene 

 although some of them appear in the Pleistocene. 



Nor, again, are we in a position to list the 

 original homes of the above animals with any 

 degree of finality, the above lists being put for- 

 ward as tentative. 



There are two great areas in which this Asiatic 

 life is known, namely: (1) southern Asia, south 

 of the Himalayas, (2) eastern Asia, China, and 

 Japan. 



Eastern Asia, as we shall see, adds consider- 

 ably to this assemblage, because it includes north- 

 erly forms. The continental elevation of the eastern Asiatic coast rendered 

 Japan practically a part of the continent, so that its Pliocene and Lower 

 Pleistocene deposits yield a rich Stegodon and Elephas fauna. Even Java ^ 



Mammals Absent or 

 Undiscovered 



Insectivores 



Lemurs 



Marsupials 



Hares 



Aardvarks 



Northern types of deer 



' Martin, K., Ueberreste vorweltlicher Proboscidier von Java und Banka. 

 des geologischen Reichs-Museums in Leydcn, Vol. IV, no. 1, 1884, pp. 1-2-4. 



Sammlunoc n 



