THE PLIOCENE OF EUROPE, ASIA, AND NORTH AMERICA 359 



Mi^OiJi^^ii 



300' 

 -400' 



Chahactek 



Tuffs, gravels and 



lava (rhyolite) 

 Average 150 feet 



Unconformity 



Tuffs, tuff-shales, 

 confrlonicrutcs 



Basalt with small 

 amount of inter- 

 stratified tuff 



Remarks 



Few Fossils : 



Pliohippus Huprcmus (Leidy) 



Rhinoceros 



Hog-like form 



Small and large camel 



Clemmys hesperia Hay 



? Neohipparion, Platygomis rex 



Mammalian fossils moderately abun- 

 dant 



Separated from Upper John Day by 

 surface of erosion on which trees 

 grew. Trees were killed and buried 

 by the lava. Heat of lava has 

 baked Upper John Day to a brick 

 red, but for a/ew inches only below 

 the contact plane 



Brick red zone baked by heat of basalt 



Drab tuffs, becoming 

 gravelly at top. 



Camels in upper part of this di\-ision. 

 Charred and sUicified trees at con- 

 tact with lava. These grew on an 

 old surface eroded before extrusion 

 of lava 



500' 

 -1000' 



Greenish and drab 

 tuffs, with many 

 nodules 



Local rhyolite flows 

 toward the top 

 and bottom of this 

 division 



Abundant mammals 

 Silicified tree trunks, standing erect, 

 locally present 



250' 

 -300' 



Red, green, 

 white tuffs 

 tuff-shales 



and 

 and 



Elothcrium (large species) 

 Rhinoceros (gen. ? sp. ?) 

 Merycoidodont 



Fig. 164. 



Lavas, tuffs, tuff-shales and agglomerates 

 Plant fossils exclusively 



■ Columnar section of the John Day Formation of Oregon, and superposed strata, 

 Eoc(!nc to Pliocene. After Sinclair, 1909. 



