PLEISTOCENE OF EUROPE, NORTH AFRICA, AND NORTH AMERICA 405 



on higher levels of the same deposits, associated with flints of the Mousterian 

 type, fixing the age of the higher levels as Mousterian. 



Fig. 



179. — Sand-pit at Manor near Heidelberg 

 found at the spot marked with a cross. 



The lower jaw {Homo heidclbergcnuis) was 

 After Schotensack and MacCurdy. 



Second Faunal Sub-zone 



This is the Elephas antiquus stage of Pohlig. According to Penck it 

 corresponds with the short, final interglacial epoch and with the Mousterian 

 stage of palaeolithic culture. It is typified by the fauna of Taubach (near 

 Weimar) (Fig. 176, 19), the travertines of Laviste and Aygelades near 

 Marseilles, the tuffs of the Tiber valley near Rome (21), the lignites of 

 Utznach and Diirnten (18) near Zurich, of Grays-Thurrock and Ilford (17), 

 Essex, England. 



The straight-tusked elephant (E. antiquus) was very abundant, but thi ; 

 is its last appearance north of Italy. The most important new arrival is 

 the true mammoth {Elephas primigenius) , which, according to Pohlig, is a 

 direct descendant of E. trogontherii, which in its turn is derivefl from E. 

 meridionalis} 



The broad-nosed rhinoceros (D. merckii) is also abundant, but it now 

 appears for the last time. The hippopotamus is not recorded at Mosbach, 

 but is recorded in Essex, England (Ilford, Grays-Thurrock). 



' Pohlig, H., Uber Elephas trogontherii in England. Moiuilsber. Deutsch. Geolog. Ges., Vol. 

 LXI, 1909, no. 5. 



