PLEISTOCENE OF EUROPE, NORTH AFRICA, AND NORTH AMERICA 411 



sis),^ the typical Palaeolithic mvn of Europe, who were far more primitive 

 both in skull and limb structure than the Neolithic men (see Fig. 180). The 

 skull of Neandertal man was characterized by an extremely receding forehead, 

 by the great prominence of the supraorbital ridges, and by a rather slender 



Fig. 181. 



Skull of a ' Neandertal man ' from the cavern of La Chapelle-aux-Saints 

 (Correze), France. After Boule. 



jaw. The occipital projection for the attachment of the superior muscles of 

 the neck was large, indicating that these muscles at the back of the neck 

 were strongly developed, a character necessary to meat-eaters before the 



^ The mid-Pleistocene man was definitely named Homo neanderthalensis by Cope in 1S9.3 

 at the time of the discovery of the skeletons of Spy; it seems, however, that King had pre- 

 viously (1864) used the same term. Schwalhe (1901) remarks, . . . "the species of man which 

 I, together with King (1864) and Cope (189.3), designated as Homo neanderthalensis." In the 

 following year (1902) the same author introduces the terni Homo primigenius, which is that 

 generally adopted in Germany. Among French authors the same man is known to-day as 

 Homo mousteriensis. This polynomial usage serves at least to emphasize the unanimous 

 opinion as to the distinct specific character of mid-Pleistocene man. 



