PLEISTOCENE OF EUROPE, NORTH AFRICA, AND NORTH AMERICA 421 



Rhinoceroses. — It is important to recall the fact (p. 412) that the com- 

 panion of the mammoth, the tichorhint^ or woolly rhinoceros {D. antiqui- 

 tatis) is not a successor of the dicerorhine series (D. etruscus, D. merckii), 

 but a relative of the African type of rhinoceros/ which had no representatives 

 in Europe after Miocene times. It will be recalled that in the Ui)per Miocene 

 (p. 264) we found in the D. pachygnathus of Pikermi a relative of the existing 

 white and ])lack rhinoceroses (D. simus, D. hicornis) of Africa. A remark- 

 ably preserved specimen of D. antiquitatis in thi^ St. Petersburg Museum 



Fig. 184. — The woolly rhinoceros (/?. antiquitatis) . The skull in this drawing is probably- 

 represented somewhat too short and the anterior horn less long and slender than it should be. 

 The body and limbs are also too slender. After original by Charles R. Knight in the American 

 Museum of Natural History. 



shows the side of the face still covered with golden brown wool ; other parts 

 of the body were provided with a thick hairy covering. These animals 

 were extremely long-skulled, like the white rhinoceros (Z). simus) of Africa. 

 They exceeded in size the existing African species, and hke them bore ex- 

 tremely slender anterior horns, over a yard in length.^ All the horns of this 

 variety that have been found are more or less worn on the outer side of the 

 bend ; there was a second very short horn behind the large one. The woolly 

 rhinoceros was more closely confined to the edge of the great ice sheet than 

 the mammoth; that is, it did not migrate so far to the south, .stopping at 

 the Alps, while the mammoth wandered into Italy as far south as Rome. 

 The elasmothcre {EIcls mother iuni) was another companion of the mam- 



' I.e. the white rhinoceros, Diceros simus. 



- Pohlig, H., Eiszeit und Urgeschichtc dcs Menschen. Leipzig, 1907, p. 122. 



