PLEISTOCENE OF EUROPE, NORTH AFRICA, AND NORTH AMERICA 433 



the hills were covered with wild sheep (Oois paloeotragus) very similar to the 

 existing Barbary sheep, as w(41 as goats {Ovis promaza). 



In the rivers there lived in early and later Pleistocene times a series of 

 species of hippopotami (//. hipponensis, H. sire7isis, H. icosiensis) leading to 

 a form (H. annectens) related to the existing Nile hippopotamus. There 



Fig. 18G. — Skeleton of the Pleistocene pigmy hippopotamus of Madagascar, Hippopotamus 

 mada^ascariensis, together with a skull of the recent hippopotamus H. amphihius. In the 

 American Museum of Natural History. 



are also two types of wild boar (Sus), and more abundant than these were 

 the wart hogs (Phacochoerus) found in the caves and alluvial deposits of 

 Barbary. 



Preying upon these Herbivora were lions, leopards, and hysenas, com- 

 pared by Pomel with Pleistocene cave forms of Europe. The bear (Ursus 

 libycus) found fossil in Algeria seems to belong to the Helarctos group, now 

 represented by the Malayan sun bear, and possibly derived from the small 

 U. etruscus of the European Pliocene. There are also jackals, wolves, the 

 ichneumon, and possibly a polecat. 



The primates are represented by a macaque (Macacus) not very different 

 from the existing forms which frequent the regions of the Straits of Gibral- 

 tar. The prehistoric men of the Barbary States apparently ol)tained and 

 domesticated the horse, species of sheep, and several dogs, and left many 

 sketches of animals on the rocks of the region.^ 



1 See Pomel, '93, '94, '95, '96, '97, '98 in Bibliography. 



2f 



