PLEISTOCENE OF EUROPE, NORTH AFRICA, AND NORTH AMERICA 451 



as subjects of illustration, since they are at least as sensitive tests of the 

 economic or faunal changes as any other group of animals.^ Scudder's 

 results show "that on the whole the fauna of the East has nearly or quite 

 recovered from its enforced removal from the northern states and Canada 

 at the time of the Glacial Period, and that whatever influence the past 

 existence of a Glacial Period may now exert upon the distribution of animal 

 life in North America should be sought only in minor features, such as the 

 remnants of boreal faunas lingering in favorable spots amid temperate sur- 

 roundings and the similar features introduced by the latitudinal trend of our 

 great mountain chains." 



Fig. 194. — Chief Pleistocene fossil mammal localities of North America. CANADA. — 

 1 Don Valley, near Toronto. 2 Iroinioi.s Beach, Ontario. UNITED STATES. — 3 Franks- 

 town Cave (Blair Count j-), 4 Port Kennedy Cave near the Schuylkill River, Pa. 5 Eric Clays, 

 on Lake Erie near Cleveland, surface muck near 6 Ashley, Oliio. Surface muck and gravel 

 near 7 Jonesboro, Merion, and Fairmoimt, Indiana. 8 Big Bone Lick (Boone County), Ky. 

 9 Wythe County, Va. 10 Big Bone Cabin (Van Buren County), Tenn. 11 Ashley River, near 

 Charleston, S. C. 12 Skidaway Island, Ga. 13 Peace Creek (Manatee County), Fla. 

 14 Natchez, Miss. 15 Hardin County, 16 Hock Creek (Parker County), Tex. 17 Conard Fis- 

 sure, near Harrison, Ark. Sulphur spring near 18 Afton, Ind. Ter. 19 McPherson County, 

 20 Twelve Mile Creek, Stcrnbero's Elephant Bed (Logan County), 21 Solomon Valley, Kan. 

 Caves in zinc mines near 22 Carthage, Mo. Gravels near 23 Afton, la. 24 Hay Springs, Neb. 

 25 Glenwood Springs, Col. 26 Anita Mine, near the Grand Canon, 27 Kenm's Cation, near 

 Holbrook, Ariz. Asphaltum of 28 Rancho La Brea, near Los Angeles. 29 Mercer's Cave, 

 (Calaveras County), 30 Potter Creek Cave and Samwel Cave (Shasta Count.\), Cal. 31 Fossil 

 Lake, near Silver Lake, Oreg. 32 Washtucna Lake (Franklin County), Wash. Alluvial sand, 

 etc. of 33 San Pablo Bay, Cal. 



1 Incidental reference may be made at this point to the fact that in the Scarborough 

 Beds of the Toronto interglacial deposits, Ontario, among seventy-eight species of animals 

 seventy-two are beetles. 



