PLEISTOCENE OF EUROPE, NORTH AFRICA, AND NORTH AMERICA 455 



Mammals absent or undiscovered in this Fauna: 



Mastodon, probably aljiinclant in the forests of the east. 

 Giant sloths {Megatherium, Megalonyx), not recorded. 

 Bison, or buffalo, recorded only ut Peace Creek, Florida. 

 Bear, not recorded at any point. 

 Mountain sheep, not recorded, a mountain type. 

 Mountain goat, not recorded, a mountain tyj^e. 



Of these animals, the most characteristic are the Columbiaii mammoths, 

 camels, horses, mylodonts, peccaries of the genus Platygonus, the giant 

 beavers (Castoroides). The imperial mammoth {E. imperator) is not found 



Fig. 196. — Skeleton of the Columbian nianinioth Ekplias columbi, from the Pleistocene of 

 Indiana. In the American Museum of Natural History. After Osboru. 



at Hay Springs, Silver Lake, Rock Creek, but is doubtfulh' rejiorted at 

 Afton, Indian Territory, in association with the Columbian mammoth. 

 Its chief distribution is in the southwest. 



The tapir is not found in these western deposits, because tlu^y chiefly 

 include the plains fauna, but it was undoubtedly widely distributed in 

 forested regions. Matthew ^ has pointed out the prevalence of plains- 



^ Matthew, W. D., List of the Pleistocene Fauna from Hay Springs, Nebraska. Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XVI, 1902, pp. 317-322. 



