PLEISTOCENE OF EUROPE, NORTH AFRICA, AND NORTH AMERICA 465 



fauna of a temperate climate, becoming north-temperate. Associated with 

 Megalomjx, at least in the earlier periods of this great life zone, we find the 

 true, or t^^pical Mylodon of the East. According to the locality, whether 

 forest, meadow, or plain, we find also the American mastodons, the Colum- 

 bian mammoth, tapirs, horses, camels, peccaries, bison, and moose. The 

 enemies of this herbivorous fauna are North and South American types of 



By permission of C. S. Prosser. 



Fig. 203. — The giant ground sloth, megalonjTc, an immigrant from South America 



ton of the North American Pleistocene Megalonyx jcffersoni. 

 Museum, Columbus, Ohio. 



Skcle- 

 In the Ohio State University 



bear, very widely distributed, saber-tooth tigers, as well as large lion-like 

 cats, and all the modern types of American canids and felids. 



The American deer (Odocoileus) was very abundant in the forests, but 

 it is noteworthy that the large European deer or American wapiti (Cervus) 

 is nowhere recorded. We note everywhere the absence of the true musk 

 ox (Omhos), although certain of its relatives or precursors are recorded in 

 late phases of this zone, and are actually found in certain of the same de- 

 posits, such as the Big Bone Lick, Kentucky. It is probable, however, that 

 such mingled deposits are successive rather than contemporaneous. 



Geological conditions. — Few sections are available to show the geologic 

 conditions under which this fauna occurred. Such sections should now be 

 taken and published from many different points. 



2h 



