PLEISTOCENE OF EUROPE, NORTH AFRICA, AND NORTH AMERICA 467 



Saber-tooth tigers (Sniilodnn), surviving throughout. 



Large Uons (Felis atrox), in the southwest and west. 



Bear, of the North American black bear type {U. americanus), also 

 a giant bear allied to the South American cave bear {Arcto- 

 therium),^ widely distributed throughout the United States. 



Old World deer (Cervus), not recorded. 



Some of the great deposits in which the more or less successive phases 

 of this fauna have been discovered are placed in the accompanying column 

 in ascending chronologic order so far as their relative age can be determined 

 at present: 



More recent 9. Big Bone Lick, Boone County, Kentucky (Fig. 194, 8). 



Intermediates. Samwel Cave, Shasta County, California (Fig. 194, 30). 



" 7. Potter Creek Cave, Shasta County, California (Fig. 194, 



30). 

 " 6. Washtucna Lake, Franklin County, Washington (Fig. 



194, 32). 

 " 5. Rancho La Brea, the asphalt beds of southern California 



(Fig. 194, 28). 

 " 4. Ashley River, South Carolina (Fig. 194, 11). 



" 3. Frankstown Cave, Blair County, Pennsylvania (Fig. 194, 



3). 

 Earher 2. The Port Kennedy Cave, Schuylkill River, Pennsylvania 



(Fig. 194, 4). 

 1. Afton Junction, Iowa, belonging to the first or Aftonian 

 Interglacial epoch (Fig. 194, 23). 



Aftonian Interglacial stage. — One of the most fortunate discoveries in 

 recent years is that of a rich deposit of mammalian remains in gravels of 

 the Aftonian Interglacial period, which lie clearly between the drifts of the 

 pre-Kansan and Kansan Glacial epochs.- These mammals apparently be- 

 longed to the early part of the Mylodon or Megalomjx life zone, and are of 

 exceptional importance in enabling us to correlate this zone with the first 

 Interglacial epoch in North America. The specific determinations have 

 not yet been made positive, but there is little doubt that we have here 

 association of sloths, camels, bison, horses, Columbian and possibly im- 

 perial mammoths, as well as mastodons. There are also foot bones of dwarf 

 horses which resemble those of the protohippine section. An anomalous 

 feature is the presence of a large antler which suggests that of the wapiti, 

 or true Cervus. The teeth of the horses agree in size with those of E. paci- 



■ * The name Arctodus (Leidy) is in a sense preoccupied hy Arctodon, and should not be re- 

 vived, because based upon an indeterminate type. 



"^ Calvin, Samuel, Present Phase of the Pleistocene Problem in Iowa. Bull. Gcol. Soc. 

 Amer., Vol. XX, Mar. 18, 1909, pp. 133-152. 



