614 



AGE OF MAMMALS 



E. trogontherii, 



affinities, 398, 405 ; supersedes E. 

 meridionalis, 400 ; stage, 402, 403 ; 

 mid-Pleistocene, 402, 403, 405, 406; 

 characters, 408. 



Elgg lignites, 257, 258, 263. 



Elotherium, 549.* 



(See also Entelodon.) 



Embrithopoda, 73, 559.* 



Eiihydriodon, 531.* 



Enliydrocyon, 



John Day, 230 ; Promerycochccrus 

 zone, 236; 529.* 



Entelodon, 



ancestral to European entelodonts, 217, 

 218 ; John Day, 230 ; 549.* 



Entelodontidae, 



Washakie, 167 ; Uinta, 168 ; origin, 

 180 ; teeth, 180 ; restoration, 181 ; 

 Sannoisian, 188 ; extinction in Europe, 

 193, 247 ; lower White River, 213, 215 ; 

 evolution in America, 217, 218; Oreo- 

 don zone, 223 ; John Day, 230 : Pro- 

 merycochcerus zone, 233, 235 ; Siwaliks, 

 326, 329 ; 549.* 



Entomolvstes, 522.* 



Eyitopt'jchuf, 536.* 



Environment, 



evolution of, 18 ; migration of, 18. 



Eobasileus, 



zone, 166, 167, 168, 169 ; outline res- 

 toration (head), 142 ; restoration, 166 ; 

 547.* 



Eocardia, 540.* 



Eocene carboniferous of North America, 93. 



EoJdppus, 



evolution of molars, 45 ; probable date, 

 58 ; skeleton figured, 60 ; upper molar 

 figured, 61 ; restorations, 116, 133, 135; 

 horealis, 116; validus, 117, 128; Wa- 

 satch, 119, 124; venticolus, 130, 134, 

 135 ; Wind River, 133, 134 ; skeleton 

 figured, 295 ; 555.* 



Eolithic stage, 381, 382, 384, 385, 403 ; 

 (tables) 379, 381, 383. 



Eoliths, 



makers of, 307, 384, 385; history of 

 discovery and discussion regarding, 

 381, 382 ; of Mafflean epoch, figured, 

 382 ; distribution, 382, 384, 385, 399, 

 404. 



Eomys, 534.* 



Eosiren, 182, 200, 559.* 



Eolherium, 182, 559.* 



Eolitnnops, 130, 134, 556.* 



Eotijlopus, 550.* 



Epanorthus, 517.* 



Epigaulus, 352 ; 



outline restoration, 291 ; 535.* 



Epihippus, 



figured, 14 ; evolved from Orohippus, 

 45 ; corresponds to Lophiotherium., 145, 

 170 ; Uinta, 170 ; 555.* 



Eporeodon, 



Oreodon zone, 220; John Day, 231; 

 549.* 



Eppelsheim deposits, 269, 270 ; correlation, 

 206, 267 ; primates of, 271. 



Equidae, 



Eocene, 138, 156 ; absence in European 

 Oligocene, 179, 188, 193, 195 ; poly- 

 phyletic in Oligocene of North America, 

 214, 223 ; John Day, 230 ; Promery- 

 cochccrus zone, 233, 236 ; return to 

 Europe, 250 ; Merycocha»rus zone, 287 ; 

 varied, of Hipparion zone, 297, 300 ; 

 highly polyphyletic in Lower Pliocene 

 of North America, 345, .346, 350, 351, 

 355, 356 ; Middle Pliocene. American, 

 365 ; older Pleistocene distribution, 

 401 ; Ewart on relations of modern to 

 Pleistocene, 408, 409 ; extinction in 

 American Pleistocene, 438, 500, 507 ; 

 of Equus zone, 454, 455 ; Pleistocene, 

 North American, 484, 485 ; last in 

 Ovibos zone, 487 ; distribution of fossil 

 and recent (map), 505 ; 555.* 



Equus, 



North American origin, 46 ; phylogeny, 

 300, 321, 328, 350; stenonis, 311, 318, 

 321, 328, 394, 403, 409 ; sivalensis, 321, 

 328, 335, 409 ; Pleistocene, 335 ; Peace 

 Creek, 308 ; Norfolk Interglacial, 392 ; 

 doubtful species of older Pleistocene, 

 401 ; przewalskii, 409, 417 ; numidicus, 

 mauritanicus, asinus (type) of North 

 Africa, 431, 432 ; zone of North America, 

 439, 452-464, 497 ; fauna (date and 

 distribution), 453, 454; coinplicatus, 

 450, 484, 485 ; fraternus, 456, 470, 471, 

 472, 484 ; pacificus, 460, 473, 477, 485 ; 

 occidentalis, 460, 477, 484 ; species of 

 Kansas Pleistocene, 464 ; distribution in 

 Megalonyx zone, 466 ; Afton (Iowa), 

 467, 468 ; pectinatus, 470, 484 ; se7ni- 

 plicatus, gigantcus, conversidens, 484 ; 

 Alaskan Pleistocene, 489, 490, 491 ; 

 556.* 

 E. caballus, 



molar figured, 12 ; foot figured, 14 ; 

 doubtful references in older Pleistocene 

 of Europe, 401, 402, 403, 407; 'forest 

 variety,' 407, 409, 427, 428, 429; 

 'plateau variety,' 'steppe variety,' 

 409 ; celticus, 409, 417, 428, 429 ; of 

 Kesslerloch resembles E. Przewalsky, 

 426 ; Solutre paliEolithic camp, 427 ; 

 post-Pleistocene of Thuringia, 428. 

 E. scotti, 



skeleton figured, 60 ; Rock Creek 

 quarry containing six skeletons of, 456, 

 457 ; restoration, 458 ; characters, 484 ; 

 Conard Fissure (?), 488. 



Erethizon, 



Megalonyx zone, 440, 466 ; Port Ken- 

 nedy Cave, 469, 470 ; 539.* 



Erie clays, 475. 



Erinaceidae, 



* Reference to classification. 



