INDEX 



615 



first appearance (Europe), 149, (North 



America), 221 ; 520.* 

 Erinaceus, 2.59, 520.* 

 Erquclinnets, depo.sit and fauna, 100. 

 Eschalius, 4G0, 550.* 

 Essex Pleistocene fauna, 



see Ilford and Cirays-Thurrock. 

 Esthonyx, 



Wasatch, 125; Wind River, 132; 523.* 

 Eucastor, 



Hipparion zone, 302 ; lower Pliocene, 



352; 535.* 

 Euceratherium , 



appears (Megalonyx zone), 440, 466 ; 



Potter Creek Cave, 476 ; Samwel Cave, 



478; 554.* 

 Eucinepcltus, 542.* 

 Eucolcops, 541.* 

 Euhapsis, 535.* 

 Eumys, 221, 536.* 

 Euprotoc/onia, 



outline restoration, 108; Torrejon, 110; 



546.* 

 Eusmilus, 227, 532.* 

 Eutamias, 477. 

 Eutulus, 542.* 

 Eutypomys, 221, 535.* 

 Euzet deposit, 145. 



Ew.\RT, 



ancestry of existing horses, 326, 328 ; 

 Essex horse, 407 ; forest, steppe, pla- 

 teau horses, 408, 409, 417, 427. 



Exploitation Helin, 

 section, 384. 



Extinction, 



BuiTon on, 20, 21 ; causes of, 34, 172, 

 173, 174, 175, 176, 285, 370, 371,501, 

 502, 503, 504, 506, 507, 508; as basis 

 for palseontologic correlation, 47, 338 ; 

 of reptiles at close of Cretaceous, 98, 

 101 ; of archaic Eocene mammals, 172, 

 173. 174, 175, 176 ; of Oligocene mam- 

 mals, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241 ; of Plio- 

 cene mammals, 369, 370, 371 ; of Pleis- 

 tocene mammals, 500-509. 



Falconer, 



Sivvalik mammals, 323. 



Fauna! phases of Ctenozoic, 96 ; 



first, 102; second, 112; third, 138; 

 fourth, 178; fifth, 242; sixth, 304; 

 seventh, 374. 



Faune ageienne, 117, 120. 



Fayum, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203 ; 



discovery of fossils in, 72 ; orders repre- 

 sented among fossil mammals, 73 ; 

 photograph, 198 ; section, 199. 



Felidaj, 



appear in Europe (Stampian), 192, 193 

 John Day, 230 ; Ticholeiitus zone, 296 

 Sicilian stage, 319; SiwalikS, 327 

 competition with saber-tooths in Amer 

 ican Pleistocene, 470 ; 532.* 



Felis, 



zitteli (Vindobonian), 261 ; lynx, 315, 

 403 ; christoli (Astian), 316 ; catus, 316, 

 429 ; Siwaliks, 327 ; hiUianus (earliest 

 American), 366 ; spelcra (mid-Pleisto- 

 cene), 400, 403, 407, (affinities and dis- 

 tribution) 422, 423 ; manul, 417 ; atrox, 

 467, 473, 486 ; uncia, 469, 470 ; co7iculur, 

 474 ; imperialis, 474, 486 ; canadensis, 

 474 ; 532.* 



La F^re, glauconie de, 103. 



Forte Alais deposit, 190, 191. 



Fiber, 



Hay Springs, 457 ; Silver Lake, 459 ; 

 Ashley River, 472 ; 537.* 



FiLHOL, 



Quercy, 151 ; Ronzon, 189 ; St. Gerand- 

 le-Puy, 195, 196 ; Sansan, 257, 259. 



Fishes, 



Thanetian, 104 ; Green River shales, 

 136 ; Bridger, 160 ; Cypress Hills, 216 ; 

 CEningen, 263; Roussillon, 316; affini- 

 ties of North and South American, and 

 significance for palaeogeography, 339, 

 340. 



Flint Creek deposit, 281, 288, 289 ; 

 rhinoceroses of, 300. 



Flora, 



as key to evolution of herbivores, 93 ; 

 evolution of grasses, 93, 94 ; late Cre- 

 taceous and early Eocene, 94, 95, (of 

 North America) 100, 101, (Greenland) 

 104; Thanetian, 104; Sparnacian, 114, 

 115; Ypresian, 117; Green River 

 Shales, 136 ; Bartonian, 140 ; Oligo- 

 cene of Europe, 183, 184, 185 ; Stam- 

 pian, 190 ; Oligocene of North America, 

 208 ; Miocene, 242, 244 ; Burdigalian, 

 251 ; of ffiningen, 263 ; Congeria grav- 

 els, 266 ; Miocene of North America, 

 282, 283, 284, 290, 291 ; Pliocene of 

 Europe, 306, 307 ; Pliocene (California), 

 343, 344, (Eastern States) 345 ; Pleisto- 

 cene of Europe, 386, 387, 388 ; Norfolk 

 Interglacial, 393, 396, 397 ; Quaternary 

 tuffs of Provence (mid-Pleistocene), 

 401, 402 ; Upper Pleistocene (tundra), 

 415, 419, (steppe) 417 ; American Inter- 

 glacial, 444, 445 ; Toronto formation, 

 449 ; Scarborough beds, Leda clays, 

 449 ; Silver Lake region, 459 ; Port 

 Kennedy Cave, 469 ; Pleistocene of 

 Alaska, 490, 491 ; Holarctic region in 

 Pleistocene, 506. 



Florida, geological map, 347. 



Florissant Lake, 283, 284, 285. 



FoRDE.S, E., 



on origin of British fauna and flora, 35. 



Forbes, H. O., 



on Antarctica, 75, 76. 



Forest Bed of Cromer, 393, 394, 395 ; loca- 

 tion, 391 ; correlation, 392. 



Forest fauna, 



of Pleistocene, 388, (summarized) 414, 

 (Schweizcrsbild) 418, (Kesslerloch) 425 ; 



* Reference to classification. 



