622 



AGE OF MAMMALS 



late Equus zone, 461, 464, duriiiK Mega- 

 lonyx zone, 468, 477, 494 ; antuiuity in 

 North Amerioti, 494-500. 



Man(ilu>i, 449, 559.* 



MiuK'hhar group, 



correlation, 41, 324 ; geology, 273, 274 ; 

 fauna, 274, 275, 276, 325. 



Manis, 



Manchhar beds, 276 ; Karnul Caves, 

 335; 543.* 



Manosque deposit, 190, 191. 



Manteoceras, 



skull figured, 17 ; restorations, 139, 142 ; 

 Bridger and Washakie, 164, 167 ; 556.* 



Maragha deposit and fauna, 266, 270, 332 ; 

 location, 323. 



Marrnota, 



Mid-Pleistocene of Europe, 401, 403, 407 ; 

 Upper Pleistocene of Europe, 417 ; 

 post-Pleistocene of Europe, 429 ; ap- 

 pears in North America, 440, 466, 477 ; 

 535.* 



Marsh, 



results of early work, 10 ; classification 

 of ungulates, 14 ; on supposed Oligocene 

 of New Jersey, 85 ; American Eocene 

 exposures, 157, 169 ; relation of brain 

 growth to survival, 175 ; Desmostylus, 

 344. 



Marsupialia, 



arboreal ancestry, 31, 32 ; analogous 

 evolution to placentals, 33 ; origin and 

 early distribution, 65, 68, 78 ; evolution 

 in North America, charted, 174. 



Martin, 



temperature of Glacial Period, 388. 



Martin Canyon deposit, 285. 



Mascall formation, 288, 289, 290; 

 correlation, 41 ; flora, 282, 283, 290, 

 291 ; photograph, 358 ; section, 359. 



Mastodon, 480, 481 ; 



molar figured, 12 ; horsoni, 315, 318 ; 

 arvernensis, 315, 318, 320, (outline 

 restoration) 315 ; Siwalik species, 330, 

 331 ; diphyletic evolution, 331 ; flori- 

 danus, 348 ; mirificus, 366, 368 ; North 

 African Pleistocene, 431 ; americanus 

 (distribution map), 439 ; possibly in 

 east during Equus zone, 455 ; Ovibos 

 zone, 440 ; Kansas Pleistocene, 464 ; 

 of Megalonyx fauna, 466, 471 ; Port 

 Kennedy Cave, 469 ; prey to Arcto- 

 therium, 471 ; restoration, 471 ; earliest 

 Pacific coast, 476 ; Big Bone Lick, 478 ; 

 skeleton ('Warren mastodon') and 

 restoration, 479 ; geologic and geographic 

 distribution, characters, extinction, 480, 

 481 ; distribution in Ovibos zone, 487 ; 

 Iroquois Beach, 489 ; Alaska, 490 ; 

 coexistence with man in North America, 

 495, 496, 497 ; 558.* (See also Triloph- 

 odon and Tetralophodon.) 



Mastodontinse, 



European, descended from Palwomasto- 



don, 203 ; enter Europe, 244, 246 ; 

 two phyla in Pontian, 271 ; Miocene of 

 North America, 281, 285, 288; Plio- 

 cene, 314, 315; evolution, 330, 331; 

 Chinese, 333 ; early Pliocene, American, 

 are longirostral, 346, 353 ; first breviros- 

 tral, American, 364 ; little known species 

 of Middle Pliocene, U.S., 366; Peace 

 Creek, 368 ; extinction in American 

 Pleistocene, 500 ; 558.* 



Matthew, 



descent of most placental mammals 

 from arboreal ancestors, 24 ; correla- 

 tion of fresh-water Tertiary of western 

 North America, 52 ; palseogeography, 64, 

 67, 80, 81, 137, 183, 245, 302, 373 ; 

 geology of Bridger and Washakie, 158, 

 160 ; fluviatile origin of White River 

 formation, 205, 206 ; Leptomeryx, 215 ; 

 fauna of Oreodon zone, 219, 220 ; on two 

 phyla of machaerodonts, 230 ; Agate 

 Spring fauna, 235, 236 ; physiography of 

 Miocene Great Plains, 279 ; heteromy- 

 ids, 287 ; Pawnee Creek horizon, 289 

 Miocene camels parallel giraffes, 293 

 Merycodus, 295 ; Miocene Canidse, 296 

 Dromomeryx, 301 ; phylogeny of Amer- 

 ican Cervidse, 302 ; note on affinity of 

 certain Chinese and American types, 333 

 Neotragocerus, 337 ; MylagaulidiB, 352 

 Hay Springs fauna, 455, 456, 460 

 affinities of Teleopternus, 469. 



Mauer sands, 



age, 399 ; Homo heidelhergensis of, 403, 

 404 ; photograph, 405. 



Mayet, 



sables de I'Orleanais, 246, 250, 251. 



Mediterranean Islands, 



dwarfed Pleistocene fauna, 398, 399, 

 410 ; Pleistocene connections, 409, 

 410. 



Megacerops, 



restoration (head), 212 ; 556.* 



Megaceros, 



ancestors, 392 ; restoration, 400 ; mid- 

 Pleistocene, Europe, 400, 403, 407 ; dis- 

 tribution, 419 ; 552.* 



Megaladapis, 149, 544.* 



Megalictis, 288, 530.* 



Megalohyrax, 



Fayum, 202 ; restoration, 202 ; 559.* 



Megalonychidae, 



first appearance in North America, 289, 

 292 ; Snake Creek, 355 ; Virgin Valley 

 (?), 357; Blanco, 363; extinction in 

 North America, 500 ; 541.* 



Megalonychotherium, 541.* 



Megalonyx, 



zone of North America, 439, 440, 464- 

 480; fauna (age of), 453, 454, 464; 

 Silver Lake (?), 459; McPherson 

 County, Kansas, 462 ; skeleton figured, 

 465 ; distribution in Megalonyx zone, 

 466 ; Port Kennedy Cave, 469, 470 ; 



* Reference to classification. 



