34 BOTANICAL GAZETTE. [ Feb. 
the Rappahannock did I see a cone-bearing tree of the long- 
leaved pine, but there can be little doubt that sufficient research 
would reveal a few from which the seeds had come that produced 
the seedlings observed. A little further south, however, after 
_ crossing the Massaponax river, such trees began to be seen. 
y first occurred around the edges of yellow pine forests, as if 
sade for admission, next as encircling borders to such for- 
ests, a few trees penetrating some distance inward. Still further 
southward the obvious struggle between the two cate becomes 
more fierce, but to the evident disadvantage of P. mitis. The 
Tedas close in and share the ground equally, the sen ae of 
woods iedeirie entirely of them. Finally, as we approached 
the James and Appo omattox rivers the vellow pines had generally 
disappeared, and the timber consisted almost exclusively of P. 
Teda. It was only where this was the case that this species 
assumed the character of a distinctively “old field pine.” I ha 
expected to see it come in as such, but ‘this was not the case. In 
ese more southern districts, however, where vast forests of it 
exist, loblollies, having the typical form of top, stand out in the 
old fields with all the characteristics that are so often described. 
But it is proper to say that within the forests this tree presents 
none of these characteristics. It is tall, straight and symmetri- 
eal, having none of the small horizontal limbs, so characteristic 
of P. mitis, growing from the lower part of the trunk of the 
smaller trees. The trees when large stand well apart, the inter- 
spaces being devoid of shrubby undergrowth, and the appearance 
of one of these older forests is highly imposing. It is almost 
the only pine of this part of southern Virginia and northern 
North Carolina, no specimens of P. australis having been met 
with. It is also the only species of pine I have ever seen in the 
Dismal Swamp where it penetrates to Drummond Lake. 
Ulmus alata, the winged elm, was first seen on the South 
Anna river, but it soon became common and remained so to the 
Roanoake. On the Chickahominy, James and Appomattox it is 
a small tree, but the specimens planted in the state capitol grounds 
at Richmond have attained a large size, and form graceful shade 
trees. The largest trees seen were in the valley of Fontaine’s 
creek, near the state line, some of which hada diameter of nearly 
two feet. 
— aquatica was very closely associated with the last, 
being first seen near Ashland, 17 miles north of Richmond, and 
rad more abundant southward. The foliage is ne con- 
stant, being even less variable than that of most oaks. is en- 
ti irely different from any of the forms of Q. oesaaneile that 1 
